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Chapter 1
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I. Brief Introduction to Psychology
A. Psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental events (16th century = science of mind) 1. The study of human behavior began in 5th or 6th century B.C. i.e. Plato/Hippocrates
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Disagreed with dualism Brain and body are linked
2. Rene’ Descartes’ Disagreed with dualism Mind and Matter Brain and body are linked Influence each other
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Developed concept of empiricism
2. John Locke Developed concept of empiricism Born with no knowledge Received through observation and experience Tabula Rasa = “Blank Tablet”
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Developed concept of empiricism
2. John Locke Developed concept of empiricism Born with no knowledge Received through observation and experience Tabula Rasa = “Blank Tablet”
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B. Psychology began as a separate formal field of study in Leipzig, Germany 1879
1. Wilhelm Wundt Founding Father 2. Physiology to human mind Began psych lab Developed introspection Method of self observation to collect information of the mind Contributions minor compared to ripple effect throughout the world
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Sigmund Freud (1938) Study focused on the unconscious mind
psychoanalysis
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1. Believed observable behavior was just the “tip of the iceberg”
Below were our more primitive/biological urges in conflict 2. Developed free association Technique for indirectly studying the unconscious process 3. Utilized the case study Detailed, comprehensive look at one person over time 4. Used dream interpretation, etc His work was very controversial and gained a lot of popularity
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D. Sir Francis Galton Sparked study of individual differences
Developed testing procedures Gained notoriety for specific study Intelligence/genius is hereditary
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Two major schools of thought as late as 19th century
Nativism Person is born with all their knowledge Empiricism John Locke’s “tabula rasa” Person is born knowing nothing but basic instincts and gains the rest by observation and experience
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F. Three Basic Goals of Psychology
(Book has four) Understand behavior Predict behavior Control behavior (4.) Describe behavior
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G. Careers in Psychology
Teacher Psychologist Educational Psychologist Psychiatrist Forensic Psychologist Industrial Psychologist Professor Counselor Crisis center Social worker Many more (check online)
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