1. Session4. Examples of discrimination in the field of social protection
Why does this lady has a greater chance of being discriminated in the field of social protection?

2. Examples of discrimination in the field of social protection?
Criteria
Age
Sex
Race, ethnic origin, colour
Nationality or national extraction, national minority, language
Age: if they did not contribute to any pension scheme during their active life, they can only rely on family support in old-age … unless some minimum old-age pension scheme is put in place by the government
Also discrimination linked to employment (when you get older more difficult to get a job, and therefore to benefit from a social protection scheme)
Sex: In many pension schemes, calculation of benefits is unfavourable to women since they have a greater life expectancy and contribute less, due to job interruption and lower salaries
Race / colour: Refuse of health care treatment
Minority / nationality: Discrimination of migrants in irregular situation (in Europe), cultural and language barriers, geographic exclusion of some minorities that can be considered as a discrimination
Handicap, health status: Discrimination of people living with HIV/Aids in France
Disability, health, genetic features
Social origin, fortune, birth, property
Sexual orientation
Religion, political …

3. Examples of discrimination in the field of social protection?
Criteria
Age: if they did not contribute to any pension scheme during their active life, they can only rely on family support in old-age … Also discrimination linked to employment (more difficult to get a job, therefore to be covered)
Age
Sex: In many pension schemes, calculation of benefits is unfavourable to women since they have a greater life expectancy and contribute less, due to job interruption and lower salaries
Discriminated people often cumulate more then one criteria !
Sex
Race, ethnic origin, colour
Race / colour: Refuse of health care treatment
Nationality or national extraction, national minority, language
Minority / nationality: Discrimination of illegal migrants (in Europe), cultural and language barriers, geographic exclusion of some minorities, ROMs
Disability, health, genetic features
Handicap, health status: Discrimination of people living with HIV/Aids in France
Social origin, fortune, birth, property
Informal economy workers
Sexual orientation
Religion, political …

4. Examples of discrimination in the field of social protection?
Criteria
Age
IMPACT ON THE RISK PROFILE
Sex
Race, ethnic origin, colour
CORRELATE WITH:
Living conditions
Place of living
Area of work
Education
Attitude twds risks
Nationality or national extraction, national minority, language
Disability, health, genetic features
Social origin, fortune, birth, property
Sexual orientation
Religion, political …

5. Session4. Criteria and risk profile
Risk of illness & death is globally higher:
for old men than for old women
for blue-collar than for white-collar workers
for elderly persons than for young
and for Afro-Americans than for WASPs
Knowledge about risk profiles is necessary to calculate the cost of risk
However it should not be used to exclude “bad” risks OR apply higher fees to them
In social protection “bad” and “good” risks musts exist alongside each other
Direct discrimination consists in applying a different law, or applying the same law differently (different treatment), to persons in the same situation, based on a certain criterion. Discrimination occurs when a person is treated less favourably for a prohibited reason.
Indirect discrimination consists in applying a law in the same manner (identical treatment) to people in different situations. Indirect discrimination occurs when an arrangement, criterion or practice (a company or state rule or custom) that appears neutral (not referring to a criterion) might actually entail particular disadvantages to persons who meet one or more criteria. 
Legal discrimination refers to a legal article or arrangement, i.e., appearing in a law, which is discriminatory or which could have discriminatory consequences.