1. Judaism and Christianity
Outcome: The Origin of Judaism

2. The Origin of Judaism Setting the Stage
Canaan (modern Day Isreal)was the ancient home of the Hebrews
Hebrews get their names by the 12 tribes of Egypt that escaped slavery. The last of these tribes were from Judah, this is where King David (David and Goliath) led the last remaining tribe, hints the name Judaism- Judah.
Hebrews were later called Jews
The Hebrews history, legends, and moral laws have had a major influence on Western culture.
Part of their history is shared with Christianity and Islam

3. History Judaism originated in the 1500’s BC.
According to Jewish tradition, God chose the Hebrews and helped them to escape slavery in Egypt.
This agreement between God and his people is known as a covenant.
Monotheistic- worship one god
Polytheistic worship many gods.

4. The Origin of Judaism The Search for a Promised Land
Ancient Palestine’s location made it a crossroads of the ancient world.
Palestine: Region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.
The Hebrews settled in Canaan which was located in Palestine
According to the Bible, Canaan was the land God had promised to the Hebrews in return for worshiping him or a “covenant”

5. The Torah

6. The Origin of Judaism
Most of what we know of early Hebrew history is found in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible known as the Torah.
The Torah is the most sacred writings to the Hebrews and make up part of the Old Testament for the Christians
In the Torah, God chose Abraham to be the “father” of the Hebrew people
Abraham was a shepherd who lived in Ur; God commanded him to move his people to Canaan around 1800 B.C.
Around 1650 B.C. the descendents of Abraham moved to Egypt
The Hebrews were monotheistic and worshipped god Yahweh
Covenant: Promise made by Abraham and his people to obey Yahweh in return Yahweh had promised to protect Abraham and his descendents

7. The Origin of Judaism Moses and the Exodus
The Bible says the Hebrews migrated to Egypt due to drought and famine
At first they were accepted but later were forced into slavery

8. Moses

9. The Origin of Judaism Moses
At the time of Moses’ birth, the Pharaoh felt threatened by the Hebrews and commanded that all first born males be killed
Moses’ mother laid him in the reeds of the Nile to save him
A Egyptian princess found him and raised him in luxury

10. Baby Moses on the Nile

11. The Origin of Judaism
He did not forget his Hebrew birth but no one knew including the Pharaoh
Eventually Moses’ secret would get out and he became a slave
By the command of God he was told to lead the Hebrews out of Egypt
This became known as the Exodus; “Let my people go!”

12. Moses Parting the Red Sea

13. The Origin of Judaism
As the Hebrews traveled across the Sinai Peninsula, Moses went to the top of Mount Sinai to pray
The Bible says he spoke to God and was given the Ten Commandments
These Ten Commandments and other teachings became the basis of religious law of Judaism as well as Christianity

14. The Ten Commandments… Can you name them??

15. The Origin of Judaism The Kingdom of Israel
Canaan was harsh with desert, rocky wilderness, and the hot valley of the Jordan River
The tribe of Judah was the last remaining of the Hebrews and were soon called the Jews with their religion Judaism
The Hebrews united under one kingdom of Israel
Israel as an official country would not be formed until 1948
Solomon became the most powerful of Hebrew kings and built a trading empire
He glorified the city of Jerusalem
Solomon built an important temple in Jerusalem called Solomon's Temple
The kingdom would divide in two: Israel in the north and Judah in the south

16. Solomon's Temple

17. Jerusalem Today
Jerusalem is still and very important city to 3 major world religions Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.
It has caused many wars in history including the Crusades which are still being fought today.

18. The Origin of Judaism
Result: The history of the Hebrews has been a long and arduous journey. Of the five major religions studied in this class, theirs will be the oldest and one of the most influential. Many of their practices and ideas would cross into many mainstream cultures today.

19. Chapter 5 the Rise of Christianity

20. Christianity
Early on in a time of peace, a new religion, Christianity emerged in a distant corner of the Empire
Many different religions in the empire
By 63 B.C., Romans had conquered Judea where most Jewish people lived.

21. Christianity Romans allowed Jewish people to worship their one god
Many Jews reluctantly lived under Roman rule, however, some wanted a revolt against Rome and believed a messiah would come to lead their people to freedom

22. Jesus -Born in 4 B.C. in Bethlehem
-worshipped God and followed Jewish law
-at 30 began preaching to villagers, used parables-short stories with simple moral lessons to communicate his ideas (I.E. Good Samaritan)
-Recruited 12 disciples to help him spread his ideas, called apostles, in Jerusalem
-Some Jews in Jerusalem welcomed Jesus, many of the priests felt he threatened their leadership
-Roman authorities felt Jesus would lead the Jews in a revolt against their rule

23. Death of Jesus
-According to the gospels, Jesus was betrayed by one of his disciples, arrested by the Romans, and killed by crucifixion-a person was bound to a cross and left to die
-Rumors then spread that Jesus had not died but had risen from death and commanded his disciples to spread his teachings
-After the disciples reported he ascended into heaven

24. Christianity Spreads -Followers called Christians
-Disciples preach the messages of Christianity throughout the Roman world
-Peter established Christianity in Rome itself, he became the first Pope
-Paul played the most influential role in spreading Christianity
He spread Christianity throughout the Mediterranean
-His letters became part of the New Testament in the Bible

25. Christians Oppressed
Romans were not tolerant towards Christians because:
they refused to honor the emperor with sacrifices
they refused to worship Roman gods to protect the state
Christians were used as scapegoats, blamed for social and economic problems
Many Christians became martyrs- or people who suffer or die for their beliefs
However, Christianity continued to spread due to the fact that all people were welcome

26. Early Christian Church
Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313.
The Edict granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire
By the end of the century, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire

27. Christianity: Seizing the Moment
In the middle ages when people were less educated and believed anything the Catholic Church said they Changed the calendar to reflect the birth of Jesus versus simply counting the years.
Anything before Jesus is considered
BC (before Christ)
Anything after Jesus is born is considered AD (2017 AD)
AD stands for Anno Domini-
Latin for “year of our lord”
In a push to not allow religion to be as influential B.C. has also been written as BCE- Before Common Era 27

28. Structure of the Church
Pope
cardinal
cardinal
Bishop
Diocese
Priest +
Community