1. Differentiation of cells
Adaptation
Differentiation of cells

2. Differentiation
Definition – give a dictionary definition of the word above.
Give examples of differentiated cells
Cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialised cell becomes a more specialised cell type
Examples you need to be aware of are:
erythrocytes (red blood cells) and neutrophils derived from stem cells in bone marrow,
xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes from cambium;

3. Lesson 7 - Differentiation
Learning Objectives
Success Criteria
define the term differentiation, with reference to erythrocytes, neutrophils
describe and explain, how cells of multicellular organisms are specialised for particular functions
explain the meaning of the terms tissue, organ and organ system
Produce a resource to show how each of the cell types is differentiated
Describe how the cell’s differentiation allows it to fulfill its role
Produce a flow diagram to show how blood cells differentiate

4. Spec. Check
describe and explain, with the aid of diagrams and photographs, how cells of multicellular organisms are specialised for particular functions,
with reference to erythrocytes, neutrophils, epithelial cells, sperm cells, palisade cells, root hair cells and guard cells;
explain, with the aid of diagrams and photographs, how cells are organised into tissues, using squamous and ciliated epithelia, xylem and phloem as examples;

5. How can cells be adapted?
The amount of a certain organelle
The shape of the cell
The contents of the cell

6. Erythrocyte

7. Adaptations Organelles
No nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum
Shape
Biconcave discs
Contents
Contain lots of the protein haemoglobin

8. Neutrophil

9. Adaptations
Organelles
Many lymphocytes

10. Sperm Cells

11. Adaptations Organelles Many mitochondria Acrosome (lysosome) Shape
Streamlined
Undulipodium
Content
Half the number of chromosomes

12. Epithelial Cell

14. Squamous Epithelial Cell
Flattened
Smooth
Secrete collagen and glycoproteins

15. Ciliated Epithelial Cell
Covered in cilia
Some release mucus

16. Palisade Cells

17. Adaptation Lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis Laid end on
Placed at top of leaf

18. Guard Cell

19. Adaptations Thick cell walls so inner cell wall does not stretch
Contain chloroplasts to undergo photosynthesis

20. Root Hair Cell

21. Adaptations
Large surface area