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CH. 6- SKIN & THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Organ- Two or more kinds of tissues grouped together and performing a specialized function. Membranes- Organs composed of epithelial and connective tissue.
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TYPES OF MEMBRANES Serous- line body cavities with NO opening to the outside Mucous- line body cavities WITH opening to the outside Synovial- line inner areas of the joint between the ends of bones Cutaneous- skin, epithelial, outside
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SKIN & ITS TISSUES Skin Functions Tissues of the skin
Largest organ of the body Helps regulate homeostasis Temp, H2O, sensory receptors Tissues of the skin Epidermis- outside Stratified squamous epithelium Dermis- middle, thicker Fibrous connective, epithelial, muscular, nervous and vascular tissue Subcutaneous layer- inner Loose connective & adipose tissue Binds skin to underlying organs
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EPIDERMIS Lacks blood vessels Stratum basale- deepest layer
Nourished by dermal blood vessels Cells divide and grow from this layer pushing older ones outward Stratum corneum- outer layer Cells die as they move away from nutrient supply Keratinization- dying cells harden and become waterproof Melanocyte- specialized cells in deep epidermis Melanin- dark pigment that absorbs light Amount of melainin determines skin color
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DERMIS & SUBCUTANEOUS Dermis- Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)
Mostly fibrous connective tissue that bind epidermis to subcutaneous layer Contains the following: Dermal blood vessels- for nutrients Nerve fibers- motor and sensory Hair follicles Sebaceous glands Sweat glands Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis) Continuation of the dermis Provides insulation Contain major vessels for blood supply
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Stratum Corneum Stratum basale
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ACCESSORY ORGANS OF THE SKIN
Hair Follicles- tubelike depression of the epidermis Hair Shaft- made up of keratonized epidermal cells Arrector Pili Muscle- moves follicle Sebaceous Gland- specialized epithelial cells attached to hair follicles Sebum- oily mixture of fatty material and cellular debris Nails- keratonized sratified squamous epithelial cells Sweat glands- exocrine glands Eccrine glands- most common, all over Apocrine glands- armpits & groin
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