1. Welcome To
Our
Presentation

2. We Are.... Ahmad Niaz - T17CS0008 Giri - T17CS5050 Daniel - T17CS5017
Jahid Syed T17CS0062

3. Topic: Secondary storage

4. What is Secondary storage?
Secondary storage is another alternative storage to keep your work and document.
It is very useful to store programs and data for future use.
It is installed externally.
It is non-volatile, which means that it is does not need power to maintain the information stored in it.
It will store the information until it is erased.

5. Types Of Secondary storage

6. SOLID STATE DRIVE DVD ROM
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a nonvolatile storage device that stores persistent data on solid-state flash memory.
DVD-ROM (Compact Disc, read-only-memory) is an adaptation of the DVD that is designed to store computer data in the form of text and graphics, as well as hi-fi stereo sound.

7. FLOPPY DISK
TAPE DRIVE
A floppy disk, also called a floppy, diskette, or just disk, is a type of disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic enclosure lined with fabric that removes dust particles.
A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and writes data on a magnetic tape.

8. WHAT IS IN A HARD DISK? Physical components in a Hard Disk: Platters
The Substrate Material
Media Layer
Protective Layer
Platter Divisions
Tracks
Sectors
Clusters
Read/Write Heads
The Spindle Motor
Hard Disk Logic Board
Drive Bay

9. How it Works
1.Actuator that moves the read-write arm. In older hard drives, the actuators were stepper motors. In most modern hard drives, voice coils are used instead. As their name suggests, these are simple electromagnets, working rather like the moving coils that make sounds in loudspeakers. They position the read-write arm more quickly, precisely, and reliably than stepper motors and are less sensitive to problems such as temperature variations.
2.Read-write arm swings read-write head back and forth across platter.
3.Central spindle allows platter to rotate at high speed.
4.Magnetic platter stores information in binary form.
5.Plug connections link hard drive to circuit board in personal computer.
6.Read-write head is a tiny magnet on the end of the read-write arm.
7.Circuit board on underside controls the flow of data to and from the platter.
8.Flexible connector carries data from circuit board to read-write head and platter.
9.Small spindle allows read-write arm to swing across platter.

10. What is Head Crash?
A head crash is a physical defect with a disk drive that causes the read/write heads to stop working.
Head crashes are caused when the device is jarred, material (dust) blocks the read/write from the platter.

11. HOW TO IMPROVE HARD DISK PERFORMANCE
Remove duplicate files from hard disk:
The first step towards enhancing the performance of duplicate files from hard disk. There are several free duplicate file finders that easily find all sort of duplicate files on the disk. Users can then remove all the duplicate copies and just keep a single one. You might use duplicate file finders such as Duplicate Cleaner. It might even find files that have some common content, even if the file names are different
Defragment Hard Disk
 It’s one most widely known that speeds up the hard disk and improves performance.
Checking up for disk errors
 It’s easy to check the disk errors as another useful tool that is provided by Windows XP. The tool is available in the Tools tab of the hard disk properties sheet. It offers simple check box options to check for file system errors and recover bad sectors. The error checking tool needs complete access to the disk for its work.

12. Remove the temporary files
Stop Hibernation
  In Windows systems like XP the Hibernation feature is quite handy. It can be shared with others to optimize Windows XP disk performance to switch off hard disk Hibernation mode in Windows XP. To use this mode follow the steps below
Step 1: Click Start
Step 2: Control Panel
Step 3: Power Options Properties
Step 4: Click on the Hibernate tab and clear the Enable Hibernation check box
Remove the temporary files
Windows creates a lot of temporary files during the normal operation. They try to clean up those files while some of them stay and keep accumulating. For instance, file fragments, browser cache, memory dumps, log files, cookies, Recycle Bin.
Windows provides a built-in tool to clear such files that is not as efficient as some of the free disk cleaners. You can use Cleaner, Cleaner, and Comodo System Cleaner.

13. Clean up unnecessary files and optimize the Recycle Bin
The number of temporary files, temporary Internet files, recent documents list in Windows start menu, download files and log files which Windows XP generates. In case you want the hard disk to perform in the best possible way, just delete all the junk files from it. It is an overstuffed hard drive that makes Windows XP work harder. Make sure that you have the system in place to keep the old files and junk cleaned up and removed.

14. HDD Hard Disk Drive IBM invented HDD in 1956
HDD Have Spinning platter and move faster
HDD use magnetism to store Data
Have “Read Write Head” in Spinning platter to read & write Data
“Read Write” Speed depend on Spinning platter

15. SSD
Solid State Drive 
SSD Use same mechanism as pendrive or Memory Card
SSD uses integrated circuit to store data

16. SSD HDD Which one is better?? Less Physical Damage
More Physical Damage
Do Noise,Vibrate,Hot
Consumes More Power
Bootup Time sec
Write Speed MBps
Files Open 30% Slower
SSD
Less Physical Damage
No Noise/Vibration or Heat
Consumes Less Power
Boot Up Time sec
Write Speed MBps
30% faster than HDD

17. Price
1TB HDD RM
1TB SSD RM

18. If we look in Quality then SSD is Better.
Conclusion
If we look in Quality then SSD is Better.