1. 6/18/2018
Naming Compounds
Part 2

2. Naming Bases Bases contain an OH- group
If an OH group is present it will be clearly indicated: e.g. NaOH, Ca(OH)2
Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive ion such as NH4+ at their beginning).
Bases are named like other ionic compounds:
cation is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion (hydroxide).
- calcium hydroxide
- copper(I) hydroxide
- Al(OH)3
- NH4OH
Ca(OH)2
CuOH
aluminum hydroxide
ammonium hydroxide

3. Naming Acids: Binary acids
All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4)
2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxoacids
Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl
Oxo: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4
Each have different naming rules.
Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid
If it’s not aqueous: hydrogen + non-metal
HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride
If it is aqueous: hydro + non-metal + ic acid
HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen chloride)

4. Name these:
HBr (s)
H2S(aq)
H2S(g)
HI(aq)
hydrogen bromide
hydrosulfuric acid
hydrogen sulfide
hydr(o)iodic acid

5. Naming Acids: Oxyacids
Naming does not depend on the state (aq)
1) name the polyatomic ion
2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous
3) change non-metal root for pronunciation
4) add “acid” to the name
E.g. H2SO3
1) sulfite,
2) sulfous,
3) sulfurous,
4) sulfurous acid
HNO hypochlorous acid
H3PO4(aq) carbonic acid
- nitrous acid
- HClO
- phosphoric acid
- H2CO3

6. Hydrates
Some compounds contain H2O in their struc-ture. These compounds are called hydrates.
This is different from a solution, because the H2O is part of the molecule– trapped inside the crystalline structure (vs dissolved in water).
The H2O can usually be removed if heated.
A dot separates water: e.g. CuSO4•5H2O is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
A greek prefix indicates the # of H2O groups.
Ex Na2SO4•10H2O
NiSO4•6H2O
Sodium sulfate pentahydrate
Nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate

7. Basic Naming of Hydrocarbons
Simple hydrocarbons are covalent compounds made up of only C & H.
Their names are based on: 1) # of carbons, 2) bond type (and position).
1) the number of carbons is given by a “prefix”
1 meth- 2 eth prop- 4 but pent hex hept- 8 oct non dec-

8. Mnemonic for First Four Prefixes
Monkeys
Eat
Peeled
Bananas
First four prefixes
Meth-
Eth-
Prop-
But-

9. 2) name will end in -ane, -ene, or –yne, depending on the type(s) of bonds present.
-ane = only single bonds
-ene = has a double bond
-yne = has a triple bond.
**Note, the number of H does not effect the name.
We will not name compounds with more than one multiple bond.

10. Hydrocarbons with only single bonds are alkanes
Hydrocarbons with only single bonds are alkanes. If it has at least one double bond, its an alkene, and alkynes have at least one triple bond.
Q – 1. What names would be given to these:
7C, 9C alkane
2C, 4C alkyne
2C, 3C alkene
heptane, nonane
ethyne, butyne
ethene, propene
2. Name: a. CH4,
methane b.
propene

11. Count the number of Cs and see if it has a double or triple bond.
Strategies
To name a compound, start with it’s structure (draw it out, if the structure isn’t given, remembering that C gets 4 bonds and H only ever gets one).
In general:
All single bonds (alkanes): CnH2n (the # of H is twice the number of C, plus 2 more)
One double bond (alkene): CnH2n
One triple bond (alkyne): CnH2n–2
Count the number of Cs and see if it has a double or triple bond.
Choose the prefix and the ending.

12. Drawing Hydrocarbons
Based on the name, draw the right # of Cs in a row, with single bonds (a dash) between them.
Check the ending– if it needs a double or a triple bond, add dashes to the first single bond.
Last, add hydrogens (H) to make sure every C has 4 bonds.

13. Draw these:
hexane
butyne