1. INCLUDES ALL INSECTS CLASS INSECTA
SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA
INCLUDES ALL INSECTS
CLASS INSECTA

2. Entomology THE STUDY OF INSECTS AND THEIR NEAR RELATIVES
Entomologists classify insects into more than 25 orders based on characteristics such as:
1. Structure of mouthparts
2.Number of wings
3.Type of development

3. By the numbers… write this on the side
There are about ONE MILLION identified species of insects
However, there are several million UNIDENTIFIED species

4. What You Should Know About Insects …

5. Taxonomy
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Arthropoda
Class - Insecta

6. Insects Are Arthropods
Insects are the largest group of Arthropods
Jointed appendages (bendable)
Segmented bodies
Exoskeleton of Chitin that must be molted to grow
Related to spiders, ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans

7. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen
One pair antenna (head)
Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)
One-two pairs of wings (thorax)

8. Sketch and label the 3 body regions
Sketch and label the 3 body regions. Use 3 colors to differentiate these.

9. There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAX
Count the Legs!
There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAX

10. Antenna One Pair on head Jointed Sensory (smell) Called “feelers”
Filiform most common shape (segments = size)
May be modified
FILIFORM

11. Antenna Modifications there are no notes for this slide

12. Wings or No Wings Most adults have 2 pairs
Called forewings and hindwings
Some insects are wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)

13. A network of Veins strengthens wings MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS
More on Wings
A network of Veins strengthens wings
Sketch a membranous wing
MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS

14. Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS

15. Wings May Be Modified Order Diptera (flies)
2nd pair of wings modified into HALTERES
Used for balance
Makes flies hard to catch!

16. Beetle Wings Meet in straight line down the abdomen
ELYTRA
Hard Forewing called Elytra
Meet in straight line down the abdomen
Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight) Sketch this picture

17. Class Insecta Review ?s Set #1
1. Id the 3 body regions of insects.
2. What is the most common shape of antenna? Sketch.
3. Define entomology.
4. What characteristics are used to classify insects into orders?
5. What is the function of antennae?
6. What are the modified wings that provide balance for flies?
7. How many LEGS are found on insects? Pairs?
8. Id & describe the 2 types of wings on a beetle and sketch a pic.
9. How many insect orders are identified?
10. Sketch the 3 body regions of an insect & label.

18. CIRCLE THE INSECTS

19. INSECT ORDERS
INSECTS WITH WINGS

20. Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs?
EVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL INSECTS are bugs!
True BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERA
Posterior thorax is triangular; called SCUTELLUM
Last 3rd of wing CLEAR

21. Which of these are BUGS?
ALL

22. More Hemipterans Assassin Bug Water Boatman Giant Water Bug
Leaf Hopper

23. Coleoptera Called beetles Tough exoskeleton Forewings called Elytra
Fly with membranous hindwings
Larva called grubs
Cucumber beetle
Ladybird beetle
Rhinoceros beetle

24. Ephemeroptera Called Mayflies Juveniles are aquatic; called naiads
Adults found near water & don’t feed
Adults reproduce & die in 24 hours
Soft bodies with 2 long Ceri (tail fibers)
ADULT
NAIAD

25. Diptera Contains mosquitoes & flies One pair functional wings
Club-shaped halteres for balance
Bodies often hairy insulation / ssensory
Green Bottle fly
Hover Fly
Fruit Fly
Aedes Mosquito

26. EARWIG EATING CATERPILLAR
Dermaptera
Called earwigs
Long, flat bodies
Forceps (pincers) on end of abdomen
Short, hard forewings (membranous wings folded underneath
Large jaws (mandibles) on head
PINCERS
EARWIG EATING CATERPILLAR

27. Orthoptera Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids Very long bodies
Rear legs modified for jumping
Females with egg laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen)
Often communicate with chirping sounds

28. Lepidoptera Moths, butterflies, & skippers
Siphoning mouthparts coiled under head
Powdery scales on wings
Butterflies fold wings flat above body at rest
Moths are night active
Important plant pollinators

29. Neuroptera Lacewings Net veined wings Small, delicate insects
Long antenna
Predators on other insects
May feed on nectar
Females lay eggs suspended in the air by individual strands of silk
Predators do not see the eggs because of their suspension

30. Thysanoptera
Thrips
Two pairs of fringed wings
Feed on plant sap

31. Isoptera Termites Live in colonies Feed on wood
Soft bodies & short antenna
Castes – workers, soldiers, kings, and queen

32. Mecoptera Scorpion flies Last abdominal segments curved like scorpion
Two pairs of narrow wings
Head elongated into a beak (rostrum)
Long antenna

33. Homoptera Cicadas, leaf hoppers, wingless aphids
If wings present, held roof like over body & membranous
Piercing-sucking mouthparts
Cicada
Leafhopper

34. Odonata Dragonflies & damselflies
Dragonflies hold clear wings spread perpendicular to body at rest
Damselflies hold clear wings together over abdomen

35. Plecoptera Stoneflies Aquatic nymphs Aerial adults are short lived
Make drumming sound to find mates

36. Hymenoptera Bees, ants, wasps Narrow waist connects thorax & abdomen
Abdomen curved downward
May have stinger on end of abdomen
Carpenter bee
Red ant
Yellow jacket

37. Hornet cooked by bees

38. Blattodea Cockroaches (active pests)
American cockroach-common & largest # species
Actually not native to America
Brought over on shipping vessels

39. Phasmida Stick & leaf insects Walking sticks – common Very camouflaged
With and without wings
Generally nocturnal
Feed on shrubs and trees
Stick insects – world wide (warm)
Leaf insects- rare (Australia)

40. Mantodea Praying mantis Named for “praying resemblance”
Preys on insects
Many species will stand tall & spread forelegs and fan out wings to appear larger when threatened

41. Insecta Review ?s set #2
11. What 2 characteristics signify a TRUE bug? What order are true bugs?
12. Differentiate the life span of a juvenile mayfly and that of an adult. Order?
13. Why is the Rhinoceros Beetle unique?
14. How are Lepidopterans important to plants?
15. What is unique about the 2nd pair of wings on a fly? Order?
16. What advantage do lacewings have for egg laying? Order?
17. Identify the 4 castes of termites. Order?
18. Describe the head of a scorpion fly. Order?
19. Differentiate the wings of a dragonfly and a damselfly. Order?
20. How are the wings of a cicada held? Order?

42. INSECT ORDERS
WINGLESS INSECTS

43. Thysanura Called Silverfish
Found around houses or outside under stones or wood
Fast runners
Damage books
Secretive and active at night.
Flat, long bodies
Long antennae
Three, long, tail like appendages

44. Siphonaptera Fleas Ectoparasites Bodies laterally compressed
Enlarged hind jumping legs
Very short antenna

46. Collembola Called springtails Small & soft bodied
Furcula (jumping mechanism) on abdomen
Furcula folds under the body at rest
Found in decaying plant material

47. Anoplura Sucking lice Singular = louse Parasites of mammals Very small
Head and body lice are examples
Attracted to children’s fine hair
Carry disease
Slow moving
Suck blood & have mouth parts specifically for that function
There are specific species of human lice

48. Mallophaga Biting lice External parasites on birds & mammals
Broad head & flattened body
Feed on dead skin, feathers, and fur
Move quickly
Mouth parts specifically for chewing

49. CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
Metamorphosis
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT

50. INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Insects change shape gradually!

51. Complete Metamorphosis Four stages that all look different

52. Amorphic Insects
Silverfish
Springtails

53. Insects with Complete Metamorphosis
EGG  LARVA  PUPA  ADULT
Coleoptera (beetles)
Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps)
Diptera (flies) Lepidoptera (butterflies)

54. Insects with Incomplete Metamorphosis
EGG  NYMPH  ADULT
Siphonaptera (fleas)
Isoptera (termites)
Orthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets)
Hemiptera (true bugs)
Homoptera (cicadas & hoppers)
Wings NOT fully developed

55. FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal matters
primarily associated with death investigations
however it may also be used to:
detect drugs and poisons
determine the location of an incident
the length of a period of neglect in the elderly or children
the presence and time of the infliction of wounds