1. Cervical vertebrae C1-C7 C1 (atlas) C2 (axis) C7 (vertebra prominens)
Supports head
Lacks body and spinous process
Superior articular facets articulate with occipital bone
Lets you nod
C2 (axis)
Tooth shaped process (dens) projects up through vertebral foramen of atlas and is a pivot for side-side movement
C7 (vertebra prominens)
Large spinous process at base of neck

3. Vertebrae Thoracic vertebra T1-T12 Lumbar vertebrae L1-L5 Sacrum
Larger and stronger than cervical
Have facets for articulation with ribs
Lumbar vertebrae L1-L5
Large spinous processes well adapted for attachment of large back muscles
Sacrum
Triangular bone formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae
Foundation for pelvic girdle
Coccyx
Formed by fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae

7. Thorax Refers to entire chest Skeletal portion = thoracic cage
Sternum, coastal cartilage, ribs, bodies of thoracic vertebrae
Functions:
Enclose and protect organs in the thoracic cavity and upper abdominal cavity
Support for bones of shoulder girdle and upper limbs

8. Sternum (breastbone) 3 bones that fuse by age 25 Manubrium Body
Articulates with clavicles and 1st and 2nd rib
Body
Articulates either directly of indirectly with ribs 2-10
Xiphoid process
Provides attachment for abdominal muscles

9. Ribs 12 pairs up the sides of the thoracic cavity
< in length from 1-7
> in length 8-12
Articulate posterioly with thoracic vertebrae
1-7 direct attachment to sternum by coastal cartilage = true ribs
8-10 attach indirectly or not at all, false ribs
11-12 are floating ribs
Spaces between ribs = intercoastal space and are occupied by intercoastal muscles, blood vessels, and nerves

11. Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
Attaches bones of the upper limb to the axial skeleton
Clavicle
Scapula
Do not articulate with vertebral column

12. Clavicle (collarbone)
Medial end articulates with the sternum, lateral end with the acromion of the scapula
Transmits mechanical force from the upper limb to the trunk

13. Scapula (shoulder blade)
A sharp ridge (spine) runs diagonally across the posterior surface
Later is the acromion
Inferior is the glenoid cavity
Articulates with the head of the humerus
Caracoid process
Projection to which muscles attach