1. 8/15 Lesson Plan Unit: Trials and Triumphs
Standard: RL Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (how language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone

2. 8/15 Lesson Plan Cont.
Objective: SWBAT determine how an author’s diction contributes to tone and mood, which creates to a story’s setting.
Essential Question: How do the elements of fiction contribute to storytelling?

3. 8/15 Agenda Notebook Set-up Quick Write Elements of Fiction Notes
Vocabulary
Exit Ticket

4. Interactive Notebooks
Tab 1- Quick Writes/Grammar
Tab 2- Class Notes
First page will be Table of Contents (left)
Second page will be Standards
Tab 3- Classwork
Tab 4- Vocabulary
Tab 5- Graded Assignments

5. Quick Write: What makes a good story?
Elements of Fiction
Quick Write: What makes a good story?

6. Plot
Plot – a series of events & their outcomes (plot chart – exposition, rising action, climax or turning point, resolution)
Turning Point
or Climax
Exposition- setting, character, the conflict (Story at NAHS-setting; students listed as characters; conflict- she stepped on your shoes)
Rising Action
Resolution or
Conclusion
Exposition

7. Parts of Plot: Exposition (1st part): Rising Action (2nd part):
The basic situation. The opening of the story.
Introduces the characters, setting, and
Basic situation of the story.
Rising Action (2nd part):
The complication. Various problems the main
character possess.
Climax (3rd part):
The most exciting part of a story; the
moment when the outcome of the conflict
is determined.
Falling Action (4th part):
This is when the story calms down. You know it is about to end.
Resolution (5thpart):
The very end of the story, when loose ends of the plot are tied up.

8. Setting
Setting – the place of action at a particular time (can be imaginary)

9. What’s the setting??
Describe the setting of this picture with one word

10. What’s the setting??

11. What’s the setting??

12. What’s the setting??

13. Complete the following, ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER, for your summer reading book:
1. Book Title
2. Book Author
3. Characters
main/minor
Important details
4. Setting
Time (year/season)
Location
5. Provide details for EACH element of
Plot.
Answer the following questions:
What is the genre (historical fiction, fantasy, fairy tale, etc.) of the story?
How does the setting help the genre of the story?
Would a different setting change the genre? How was the setting important as the story progressed?

14. 2 1
When we read, we don’t have these pictures. So how does an author describe the setting? 3 4
When we read, we don’t have these pictures. So how does an author describe the setting?

15. Diction refers to the author’s choice of words
Diction refers to the author’s choice of words. Tone is the attitude or feeling that the writer’s words express. Mood is the emotional effect that the text creates for the audience.

16. Denotation means the literal, dictionary definition of the word – plump and obese both mean caloricly challenged Connotation means the implied or suggested meaning attached to a word, or the emotional “tag” that goes along with the word. Corpulent, plump, obese, heavy set, fleshy, fat, paunchy, burly, over-weight, roly poly, bulky, portly, weighty, pudgy Which word do we use to insult someone? Which one do we use to describe someone we like? Which one do we use to describe a cute little baby?
In reference of to diction we look at:
Connotation- when you hear some words, there is an emotional feeling attached to it (which of these words has a positive/negative connotation)

17. The choice of diction contributes to the tone When discussing tone, consider such questions as:
What seems to be the speaker’s attitude in the passage?
Is more than one attitude or point of view expressed?
Does the passage have a noticeable emotional mood or atmosphere?

18. ALWAYS use an adjective when describing diction and tone
ALWAYS use an adjective when describing diction and tone. ____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.

19. Remember……………………… What kind of words are there
Remember……………………… What kind of words are there? And how do they make you feel?

20. Abhorrent. abrupt. accusing. accusatory. admonitory bantering. bitter
Abhorrent abrupt accusing accusatory admonitory bantering bitter boring brash bucolic calm cautious childish coarse cold colloquial concerned despairing desperate disdainful disgusted ecstatic effusive elated elegiac eloquent embittered erudite exuberant foreboding gloomy harsh haughty hopeful humble indignant inflammatory irreverent irritated ironic joking joyful light loving miserable melancholic nervous nostalgic optimistic outraged paranoid passionate patronizing pedantic peaceful pessimistic pitiful pleasant playful proud pompous pretentious questioning reflective reminiscent resigned romantic sad sanctimonious sarcastic sardonic scornful sentimental serene serious sharp shocked silly solemn somber soothing snobbish snooty sympathetic taunting turgid vexed vibrant whimsical angry anxious appreciative apologetic arrogant audacious condemning dark condescending contemptuous dreamy mocking moralistic mournful persuasive piquant cynical compassionate confidant

21. See…………
The more words you know to describe passages, the more sophisticated your descriptions will be when you analyze authors’ writing

22. And one last tip……….. Never, never, never, never, never say: “The author uses diction” Do you mean – the author chooses words? Well, duh!!!!!! Always say: the author uses ______(what kind of) diction indignant? dark? euphoric? to create a _____ tone. Describe it!!!!!!

23. Quick Write
Bouncing into the room, she lit up the vicinity with a joyous glow on her face as she told about her fiancé and their wedding plans. What are the specific words that create the feeling of the sentence? What words did the author use to create the feeling of the sentence?
The UPLIFTING diction

24. Describe the diction and tone of the passage.
ALWAYS use an adjective when describing diction and tone.
Bouncing into the room, she lit up the vicinity with a joyous glow on her face as she told about her fiancé and their wedding plans. ____ diction contributes to the ____ tone uplifting diction contributes to the joyful tone.

25. She huddled in the corner, clutching her tattered blanket and shaking convulsively, as she feverishly searched the room for the unknown dangers that awaited her. ____ diction contributes to the ____ tone. frightening diction contributes to the alarming tone.

26. HW- Vocabulary
Tone Words: Absurd Affectionate Agitated Ambiguous Angry
Mood Words: Aggravated Amused Annoyed Anxious Apathetic

27. Bursting through the door, the flustered mother hollered uncontrollably at the innocent teacher who gave her child an F. ____ diction contributes to the ____ tone. fierce diction contributes to the antagonistic tone.
Exit Ticket
Read this statement and fill in the blanks with appropriate descriptive terms

28. Quick Write
Describe your favorite character from your favorite book. What do you know about them? What makes you like them?

29. Vocabulary Definitions
Absurd- utterly or obviously senseless, illogical, or untrue
Affectionate- showing, indicating, or characterized by affection or love; fondly tender
Agitated- to disturb or excite emotionally; arouse
Ambiguous- open to or having several possible meanings or interpretations
Angry- strong resentment
Aggravated- annoyed; irritated
Amused- pleasurably entertained, occupied, or diverted
Annoyed- slightly angry; irritated
Anxious- full of mental distress or uneasiness because of fear of danger or misfortune; greatly worried
Apathetic- having or showing little or no emotion; not interested or concerned; indifferent or unresponsive

30. Character
Characters – the people, animals, or fantastic creatures that perform the actions

31. Types or Roles of Characters
Narrator – or speaker (one who is outside the story & knows everything about all the characters & what will happen in the plot)
Protagonist – is the hero or heroine of the story (the central or principal character)
Antagonist – active opposition or hostile character of the story (causing conflict or problem), doesn’t have to be a person

32. Character continue
Round Character – one who possesses a complex array of individual traits
Flat Character or Stereotype – one who performs a single function, such as a gas station attendant, and who reveals no depth of feeling, involvement, or intent to the story

33. Character continue
Static Character – a character that remains unchanged by the action of the story
Dynamic Character – a character that alters in behavior as a consequence of the action of the story. Protagonists are usually dynamic characters.
Major Characters – primary character(s), in the story a great deal
Minor Characters – characters that come in & out of the story that are not a primary character

34. Direct vs. Indirect Characterization

35. Direct Characterization
direct characterization: the author or narrator makes direct statements about a character’s traits. The author tells us about the character’s personality to our face.
TELLING
Example:
“The patient boy and quiet girl were both well mannered and did not disobey their mother.”
Explanation: The author is directly telling the audience the personality of these two children. The boy is “patient” and the girl is “quiet.”

36. Indirect Characterization
Indirect characterization: the author or narrator reveals a character’s traits through his or her actions and speech.
SHOWING
When Jane walked in the room, nobody could help but look at her stunning, gorgeous face. She commanded attention wherever she went due to her good looks.
Jane is beautiful.
Jim was very unlike any other businessman. He made sure that all his clients got what they had paid for.
Jim is honest and hardworking.

37. Effect on others toward the character. Actions Looks
STEAL Method
Speech
Thoughts
Effect on others toward the character.
Actions
Looks

38. Indirect Characterization
SPEECH - What does the character say? How does the character speak?
THOUGHTS - What is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings?
EFFECTS - What is revealed through the character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?
ACTIONS - What does the character do? How does the character behave?
LOOKS - What does the character look like? How does the character dress?

39. Freewrite
Provide both a direct and indirect characterization of yourself based on the story of your life. Each should be 3-4 sentences. Write one sentence explaining why your responses are direct or indirect.

40. Direct or Indirect Characterization?
A. Ed Johnson scratched his head in confusion as the sales rep explained Dralco’s newest engine performance diagnostic computer. The old mechanic hated modern electronics, preferring the old days when all he needed was a stack of manuals and a good set of tools.
Direct!

41. Direct or Indirect Characterization?
B. “That Ed Johnson,” said Anderson, watching the old mechanic scratch his head in confusion as the sales rep explained Dralco’s newest engine performance diagnostic computer. “He hasn’t got a clue about modern electronics. Give him a good set of tools and a stack of yellowing manuals with a carburetor needing repair, and he’d be happy as a hungry frog in a fly-field.”
Indirect!

42. Direct or Indirect Characterization?
C. Julie held up six different outfits in front of the mirror and pondered which would go best with her navy blue shoes, pastel eye shadow and the diamond earrings she’d already procured from her overflowing vanity. After ninety minutes of mixing and matching, and cell-phoning her sister three times for advice, Julie finally made up her mind. She’d give the navy blue skirt and white sweater a try, hoping Trent would love it.
Indirect!

43. Quick Write
Study for your vocab quiz

44. Week 2 Vocabulary Tone: Antagonistic Arrogant Bantering Bitter Bland
Mood: Apprehensive Awed Brooding Calm Cheerful

45. Point of View
Point of View – the angle at which the reader perceives & interprets the action – from whom it is told

46. Narration or Point of View (POV)
Omniscient: “God”
-Narrator is outside the story & knows everything that happened or is happening and knows what goes on in the minds of all characters.
First Person: “I” and “me”
-Story is told through a character’s eyes.
-Readers only know what the character knows
- Point of view such as a journal, personal letter, or autobiography

47. Second Person: “You”
-The narrator refers to YOU.
-RARELY used and usually not coming from the protagonist.
-Used when giving/getting directions and in recipes.

48. Third Person (Objective): He/She
- Narrator is credible because he sees what happens to all characters everywhere.
- This narrator is NOT a character in story!
- The narrator tells a story without describing any character’s thoughts, opinions, or feelings (unbiased view)
Third Person Limited: He/She
- You know everything about only 1 character, including their thoughts and feelings
This narrator is NOT a character in story!
From a single character’s point of view – he, she, which is popular with fiction writers (tunnel vision)

49. Point of View within a Story
First Person Point of View - I point of view such as a journal, personal letter, or autobiography
Second Person- The narrator refers to YOU. Rarely used and usually not coming from the protagonist
Third Person Limited Point of View - from a single character’s point of view – he, she, which is popular with fiction writers (tunnel vision)
Third Person Omniscient Point of View – Narrator is outside the story & knows everything that happened or is happening and knows what goes on in the minds of all characters

50. Point of View When Writing
First Person –
I, me, we, us (always
includes yourself)
Second Person –
You
Third Person –
He, she, it, they, them, etc
(all the others)
Pronouns

51. What's a Conflict?
A conflict is a problem that the main character or characters face. Examples An arctic adventurer struggles to survive hunger and cold. A brother and sister fight over control of the television. Every story worth reading has a conflict. If there is no conflict, there is no tension. Some stories has multiple conflicts.

52. Types of Conflict 3 Main Types
Outer: A conflict with something or someone that a character does not know personally
(ex. a character fighting through a bad storm, a protagonist fighting off a villain)
Interpersonal: A conflict with people who a character may know personally, like family or friends.
(ex. boyfriend and girlfriend fighting, sibling rivals)
Inner: A conflict that a character has with him/herself. The reader is exposed to what the character is thinking.
(ex. low self esteem or denial)

53. Conflict Internal Conflict - External Conflict -
problem or conflict inside the protagonist
Examples –
Protagonist’s fear
Protagonist’s lack of confidence
Et cetera (etc…)
External Conflict -
Problem or conflict outside of the protagonist
Examples
Another character
An animal or fantasy creature
Natural phenomena

54. Conflict (cont.) Conflict Categories
Man vs. Man: A struggle between two outside forces
Man vs. Society: A problem with the society that surrounds the character
Man vs. Nature: A problem between a character and something in nature
Man vs. Self: A problem that a person is having with him/herself
Outer
Interpersonal
Inner
External
Internal
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Self
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Nature

55. Person vs. Self The central character faces an internal struggle.
Examples
A young man goes through hard times after losing his father in a car accident.
An Olympic athlete pushes his performance to the limit despite his physical disability

56. Person vs. Person
The central character faces opposition from another person or group of people.
Examples
Two girls compete for the same role in the school play.
A ninja warrior fights a rival clan to avenge his master's death.

57. Person vs. Society
The central character or group of characters battles against traditions, institutions, or laws.
Examples
A student takes his fight against the school dress code all the way to the Supreme Court.
A group of students protest in front of a university known for its unfair and racially motivated admission practices.

58. Person vs. Nature
The central character struggles against animals, the elements, or other natural forces.
Examples
A castaway washes up on an island and must learn to survive with the available resources.
A ship captain pursues a great white whale through stormy seas.

59. Person vs. Supernatural
The central character is challenged by forces that are not of this world.
Examples
A boy wizard must use his powers to protect his community from evil monsters.
A group of teenagers sleep in a haunted house and begin disappearing one by one.

60. Person vs. Technology
The central character struggles with or against the forces of technology.
Examples
A group of strangers gets stuck in an elevator.
A teenage boy is pursued by robots from space that transform into cars.

61. Practice
Read each description, identify the antagonist (opposing force) and the type of conflict. Example An archeologist attempts to escape a hidden temple overrun by a vampire army. Antagonist: Vampire army Conflict Type: Person vs. Supernatural

62. 1. An elderly man struggles to learn how to use his new phone.
Antagonist: Cell phone
Conflict Type: Person vs. Technology
2. Two boxers who were formerly friends compete for the championship belt.
Antagonist: Former friend
Conflict Type: Person vs. Person
3. A young woman fights to gain admittance in an elite prep school that was only for boys.
Antagonist: Boys prep school / sexism
Conflict Type: Person vs. Society

63. 4. A group of colonists struggle to survive the winter in a strange land. Antagonist: Cold weather / hunger Conflict Type: Person vs. Nature 5. A students struggles against the urge to procrastinate and play video games rather than to do his homework. Antagonist: Laziness / Procrastination Conflict Type: Person vs. Self

64. Quick Write
WITHOUT LOOKING AT YOUR NOTES, define:
Tone
Mood
Diction

65. Week 2 Vocab Target Definitions
Antagonistic- acting in opposition; opposing, especially mutually; hostile; unfriendly
Arrogant- making claims or pretensions to superior importance or rights
Bantering- an exchange of light, playful, teasing remarks
Bitter- hard to bear; grievous; distressful
Bland- pleasantly gentle or agreeable; mild; tasteless
Apprehensive- uneasy or fearful about something that might happen
Awed- filled with awe or wonder
Brooding- preoccupied with depressing, morbid, or painful memories or thoughts
Calm- not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other emotions
Cheerful- noticeably happy and optimistic

66. Tone
Tone – the author’s attitude toward the subject matter, such as humorous, serious, joking, ironic, mocking, or doubtful

67. Mood - (me)
Mood – the prevailing atmosphere of the story, for e.g. brooding, expectant, forbidding, solemn, relaxed, joyous, or intense.
although mood & tone are often similar, the author can manipulate the mood of the piece to indicate humor or irony, as in a mock-serious battle or a parody of a brooding Gothic mystery.

68. Syntax & Diction These two components help contribute to tone & mood:
Syntax- the way in which something is written. This deals with the sentence structure (simple, compound, complex, compound-complex)
Diction- the words that the author chooses to say what they want to say.

69. Theme
Theme – the main idea of the work, as summed up in such abstract terms as love, faith, parenthood, patriotism, loss, or alienation
Life lesson, meaning, moral, or message about life or human nature that is communicated by a literary work.
Theme is what the story teaches readers.

70. Themes A theme is not a word, it is a sentence.
You don’t have to agree with the theme to identify it.
Examples
Money can’t buy happiness.
Don’t judge people based on the surface.
It is better to die free than live under tyranny.

71. What is the theme?
Jenny Puchovier was so excited. She had a pack of Starburst in her lunch and she had been looking forward to eating them all morning. Lunch finally came and Jenny sat down to eat her Starbursts when her friend Yudy sat next to her. “Let me get the pink ones,” asked Yudy. Jenny liked the pink ones best, but she thought Yudy was funny and Jenny wanted Yudy to like her, so Jenny gave Yudy all of her pink Starbursts. Before Jenny was done giving Yudy the pink ones, Carrie sat on the other side of Jenny. “Let me get the red and the orange ones, Jenny. Remember when I gave you that Snickers?” Jenny didn’t remember that, though she did remember when Carrie ate a whole Snickers in front of her, but Jenny thought Carrie was cool, so she gave her the red and the orange Starbursts. Now that she only had the yellow ones, Jenny wasn’t so excited about eating starbursts anymore.

72. Example Answers You can’t buy friends.
You have to take care of yourself.
Not everybody is your friend.

73. Identifying Themes Themes are not explicit (clearly stated).
Themes are implied.
Themes are bigger than the story.
Big World of the Theme.
Applies to the “Real” World.
Small
World
of the
Story

74. Themes are about the big picture.
Not “Yellow Starbursts taste bad”
Not “Yudy and Carrie are bad friends.”
Think BIGGER.
Find “Real” World advice.
Big World of the Theme.
Applies to the “Real” World.
Small
World
of the
Story

75. Group Activity
In small groups, you are going to write a story based upon one of the following pictures. Each group member will be responsible for writing one part of the story
Exposition (Setting, Character, & Conflict)
Rising Action
Climax
Resolution

76. 2 1 3 4
When we read, we don’t have these pictures. So how does an author describe the setting?