1. Period 5: Industrialization and Global Connections
c – c ce
Ch 15, p 177 Source: AP World Crash Course World History by: JP Harmon

2. Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform
Chapter 15

3. Ideas from Europe’s Enlightenment Era Spark Changes in Governments
Many political revolutions around the globe. The Enlightenment movements sparked revolutions based on liberty and equality. New nations formed and old reformed. Nationalism plays into this theme.
Ideas from Europe’s Enlightenment Era Spark Changes in Governments

4. Enlightenment
Scientific Rev sparked the idea that the human condition could be improved by applying rational thought
Enlightenment principles based on:
Individual equality
Voltaire & Rousseau
All men created equal; none should be treated different than another because of birth
King is not automatically “better” than a commoner
American Declaration of Independence based on these ideas

5. Enlightenment

7. Enlightenment Individual liberty
People should be free to make own personal and economic decisions
Abolish slavery
Freedom of speech and religion are “natural” rights

8. Enlightenment Limited government
Locke & Rousseau believed the people had a “social contract” with their government
Leader of a gov’t failed to serve well, the people had the right to revolt
Republic was the favorite of Enlightenment thinkers
Adam Smith insisted that governments end their mercantilism policies and stay out of the way of the “natural” cycles of the economy

9. Enlightenment

10. Political Revolutions in the Atlantic World

11. American Revolution
First place Enlightenment principles were applied on a large scale
Effects of the American Rev
Gave encouragement to others that a group of colonies could overthrow their mother country
Some say that the AR was not revolutionary at all since elites were still in power after
But the opposite can also be argued that even with slavery, the US was still the most democratic government in the world

12. American Revolution

13. American Revolution

14. French Revolution
Not a colonial struggle, kind of like a civil war with different goals
Many stages of the revolution
Constitutional monarchy
Execution of the king
Republic
Dictatorship disguised as Empire

16. Much more violent than American
French Revolution
Much more violent than American
Great Fear
Reign of Terror
guillotine

18. Napoleon Claimed to be a child of the Enlightenment…HA!!!
Military dictator
Enacted some beneficial reforms
Overturned many monarchies throughout Europe
Defeated by a European coalition
Congress of Vienna
Redrew the boundaries of Europe
Created several new nations

19. Napoleon

21. Haiti On the heels of the French Revolution Saint Dominigue
Slave revolt led by Toussaint Louverture
Napoleon sent an army to quash the rebellion, but failed
Napoleon decided that keeping the colony was too expensive anyway and gave up

22. Tousaint Loverture

23. Haiti Results: Establishment of the 2nd republic
Haiti never really economically successful because large crops of sugar and coffee destroyed and replaced by small unprofitable farms

24. Latin America
Haitian success inspired the rest of LA colonies to attempt revolt
Simon Bolivar and other upper class Creole elites helped LA colonies gain independence
LA had few educated people and a huge gap between elite and poor

26. Latin America
Elite remained in power making establishing stable governments difficult
Little social and economic change for the non-elites
Women’s rights frequently discussed but less frequently enacted

27. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Huge changes in society from the Industrial Revolution resulted in unrest among the urban poor. Revolts from 1820s – 1840s tore through Europe with 2 goals: political freedom and economic opportunity
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
REVOLTS, REFORMS AND FAMINE

28. Pressure in Cities and Factories
Overcrowding cities created many problems
Disease, scarce housing and unemployment
Lower classes suffered the most
Government leaders slow to respond to calls for reform for what ever the reason…
Mid 19th c, political pressure from middle class to help the urban poor
Poor working conditions, long hours, low pay

29. Calls for Change European activists rallied the urban poor to protest
Middle class urged to use new voting rights to help the working class
Women still have no suffrage
Labor unions begin to form
Illegal until late 19th c in Europe

30. Socialism Karl Marx Considered the most radical
1848, wrote “Communist Manifesto”
Demanded the overthrow of the “haves” by the “have nots”
Bourgeoisie
proletariat
Dreamed of the creation of classless society where ALL were politically, socially, economically equal

32. Effects Middle class didn’t support the urban poor as planned
But did cause change
Police services
Cleaner water (London)
Built public housing (Paris)
Unemployment and social security benefits (Germany)

33. Irish Famine Diseased produce delivered to Ireland Potato Blight
Spread rapidly through Ireland
Killed about 1 million, another million migrated to US
Caused increased support in Europe for government programs to aid the poor as general policy

35. Nationalism Leads to Revolts and Political Changes

36. Europe in Flames

37. More Revolts

38. European Imperialism Leads to Nationalist Movements in Africa and Asia

39. Africa

40. Africa

41. Africa

42. Asia

43. Asia

44. Asia

45. Falling Empires

46. Spain & Portugal

47. The Ottoman Empire