1. By: Amber Carr and Olivia Zulisky
Amphibian Review
By: Amber Carr and Olivia Zulisky

2. Classification Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibians

3. Aquatic vs. Terrestrial
Larve
gills
tails
algae eater
moist skin
Adult
lay eggs in water
Adult
lungs
legs
insect eater
heart

4. Evolution of amphibians
360 million years
Evolved from lobed~fin fish
Bones in pectoral and pelvic area
Homologous structures
Leg bone~ stronger
to support the body’s weight

5. Evolution of amphibians
Formation of rib cage
protect internal organs
Lateral lines in form of tympanic membrane
feel vibrations in the air
Formation of eyelids and nictitating membrane
goggles/keeps moisture in

6. Evolution of amphibians
Nares~ detect air forms
1st amphibian
No competition for food
# of vertebrates on land increased
Smaller survived
Climate change
decrease in number and size

7. Fun Facts!
Hundreds of millions of years ago, amphibians became the first vertebrates to live on land

8. Traits of the Amphibian Class
Metamorphosis~ change form
aquatic larvae to terrestrial adult
Ectotherms
use environment to regulate temp.
External Fertilization
jelly coated eggs
need H20

9. Traits of the amphibian class
Feet lack claws
often webbed
moist porous skin
Cutaneous Respiration
in O2 and H2O
out CO2 and H2O
Respire~ gills, lungs, and skin

10. Three Orders Order Anura~ toads and frogs means tailless
3800 species of frog and toad
lay jelly- coated eggs in H2O
tadpoles~ compact bodies
tongue~ sticky and long

11. Three Orders Order Anura~ continued Frogs~ smooth skin
jump~powerful hind legs
live near H2O

12. Video

13. Three Orders Order Anura~ continued Toads~ Rough bumpy skin
Poisonous glands
Only walk
Live on land~ moist

14. Three Orders Order Urodela~ salamanders and newts
400 different species
long tails
elongated bodies
moist skin
4 limbs
lay eggs in H2O
worldwide (except Australia)

15. Three Orders Order Apoda/ Gymnophiona~ caicubans “legless” amphibians
160 species
12” long
live in tropics in dirt and soil
eat insects

16. Fun Frog Games!

17. Fun Facts!
More than 75 percent of all toad and frog species in the world live in tropical rainforests.

18. Metamorphosis Metamorphosis Larvae Adult Lungs Fin-like tail Legs
gills
Fin-like tail
2 chambered heart
closed system
1 loop
Adult
Lungs
Legs
Closed system
3 chambered heart
2 loop system

19. Metamorphosis

20. Metamorphosis

21. External Covering/Moist Skin Metamorphosis
Respiration(cutaneous)
thin, moist skin
dry skin=suffocation due to more CO2
most active at night~ cooler, more moisture
Mucus glands~more moisture

22. External Covering/Moist Skin Metamorphosis
Protection
Some poisonous
most secrete a foul tasting substance
Skin~camouflaging
“extra eye”
puff up eyes/ bodies

23. External Covering/Moist Skin
Nervous System/Sensory Organs
External Covering/Moist Skin
Same size as fish
no care process for young

24. Nervous System/Sensory Organs
Sight~ well developed
eyes
detect prey
eyelids
Nictitating membrane
“goggles” while swimming
keeps eyes moist

25. Nervous System/Sensory Organs
Sound~tympanic membrane
pick up vibration
connection eustachian tube
NOT EARS!!!!!!!!

26. Nervous System/Sensory Organs
Smell~ nares
internal and external
high set
adaptation for life in water

27. See Mouth Structure Diagram
Interactive
See Mouth Structure Diagram

28. Fun Facts!
Frogs can breathe not only with their lungs, but also through their skin. A frog's skin is thin and contains many mucous glands that keep it moist. Oxygen can be absorbed through this thin, damp skin.

29. Skeletal System Endoskeleton Adaptations radius and ulna are fused
tibia and fibula are fused
Beginning of joint

30. Digestive System Larvae~ herbivores Adult~ carnivores Starts in mouth
2 kinds of teeth
Gripping/holding prey
forced down into gullet
DO NOT CHEW!!!!!!

31. Digestive System Pharynx~back of throat Gullet~ opening to esophagus
Stomach
where protein digestion occurs

32. Digestive System Small Intestine No pyloric caeca
Proteins, lipids, and carbs are digested
Get enzymes from pancreas (insulin), liver (makes bile), and gallbladder (stores bile)

33. Digestive System Large Intestine NO DIGESTION Remove excess H2O
Food molecules absorbed into blood
Storage area of food until sent to cloaca

34. Digestive System Cloaca Similar to urogenital opening BUT…
Digestive AND urogenital system meet here
Stores urine, sex cells, and feces until released

35. Digestive System Vent Similar to anus Everything exits here sex cells
urine
feces

36. See Internal Anatomy Diagram
Interactive
See Internal Anatomy Diagram

37. video

38. Circulatory System Larvae~ fish-like Adult 1 loop system 2 loop system
2 chamber heart
Adult
2 loop system
3 chamber heart
Systemic Circulation~ blood travels from heart to body and back to heart
Pulmonary Circulation~ blood travels from heart to lungs then back to heart

39. Respiratory System 2 types Respire through moist skin~ cutaneous
Mouth~ Glottis (opening to trachea)
Take in O2 and release CO2
“Purple bunches of Grapes”
bronchioles

40. Video

41. Excretory System Kidneys 2 separate lie along the back
under reproductive organs
“long brownish-red kidney beans”

42. Excretory System Blood into kidneys
Kidneys filter out nitrogenous waste
Passes through ureter
Urea, salts, and H2O (urine) stored in urinary bladder
From cloaca, urine passes out through vent

43. Virtual frog Dissection!
tml

44. Reproductive System ~Male
Sperm made in testes
Travels through sperm ducts to cloaca
exit out vent

45. Reproductive System ~Female
Eggs made in ovaries
Travel along oviduct
jelly-coating is applied
Eggs empty out from into cloaca and exit out vent where amplexus occurs

46. Reproductive System
Males have vocal sacs and use them to call females and scare off other males
croak is made by air being sucked back and forth between the mouth and lungs and then into the vocal sac
2.After female approaches, male climbs on back
firmly grasp female and prepare for amplexus
forcing her to pass her mature eggs
3.Male then releases sperm into water near eggs

47. See Reproductive Diagram
Interaction
See Reproductive Diagram

48. Fun Facts!
More than 75 percent of all toad and frog species in the world live in tropical rainforests.

49. Video

50. CrossWord Answer Key CrossWord Answer Key Across: 2. apoda
4. cutaneous
6. toad
8. ureter
10. vent
12. sperm ducts
14. urodela
15. urinary bladder
Down:
cloaca
3. systemic
5. ectotherm
7. anura
9. tympanic membrane
11. vocal sac
13. oviduct
20. nares
16. ovaries
17. amplexus
18. testes
19. ribcage
20. nictitating membrane
21. frog
22. metamorphosis
23.pulmonary

51. Mouth Diagram Answer Key CrossWord Answer Key

52. Internal Anatomy Answer Key CrossWord Answer Key
Liver
Gall bladder
Small intestine
large intestine
Cloaca
Vent
Stomach
Pancreas
Spleen
Urinary bladder

53. Reproductive System Answer Key CrossWord Answer Key