1. Genetics Case Study: The Royal Family

2. The Romanov Family Romanov Empire included one-sixth of the globe.
Nicholas II became Czar of Russia in 1896
Resentment against the Czar and wealthy class begins at end of 19th century.

3. Alexei Born in 1904, Nicholas’s only son.
Had hemophilia, a bleeding disorder.
Had body guard with him at all times to prevent accidents.
Alexei had several internal bleeding instances.
These bleedings were stopped after the prayers of the healer Rasputin.

4. Rasputin Healer or Scoundrel????
Alexandra (Alexei’s mom) called Rasputin in to stop Alexei’s bleeding.
Alexandra took Rasputin in as a relative (which lowered public faith of the Romanov family). His influence on the Czar is arguable by historians.
Assassinated by Russian aristocrats.

5. Rasputin
Rasputin was drugged, poisoned, and shot before he died of drowning in the Neva river

6. End of the Empire
July, 1918: Russian Revolution (Romanov’s assassinated)
Alexei’s body missing from mass grave found in 1990’s.

7. So what does this have to do with Genetics?
Learn how to read a PEDIGREE.
Learn the inheritance pattern of HEMOPHILIA.

8. Royal Family Pedigree

9. Pedigrees Each row represents a generation
Genders represented by different shapes
Affected individuals indicated by shading
Carriers indicated by half shading
Easy to see if:
trait skips a generation (recessive)
appears in both genders (autosomal)

10. Sex-Linkage
Traits controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked traits.
The gene for a protein that helps blood clot is on the X chromosome.
If this gene is mutated (deletion, point mutation, etc), it may cause HEMOPHILIA.
Other sex-linked traits are red-green colorblindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Fragile X syndrome.