1. Basic Commands ls cp ls –l (in detail format) echo ls –a
(all files including hidden files)
whoami
pwd
who cd
more
touch
init [1..6]
grep
ssh
cat
vi (Text Editor)

2. Network Administration
Module 0 : Linux – Basic Commands

3. Basic Commands (Cont…)
| (pipeline)
env
> (redirect)
set
>> (redirect append)
info
history
hostname
!n (execute history)
uptime
mkdir rm
rmdir mv
shutdown – h now
shutdown –r now

4. Basic Commands (Cont…)
fdisk
jobs su
find
su -
ifconfig
mount
ifdown
umount
ifup
uname –r
man
ln (hard link)
man –k
ln –s (soft Link)

5. Device files IDE hard drive – /dev/hda, /dev/hdb, …
Partition (IDE) – /dev/hda1, /dev/hda2 …
SATA hard drive – /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, …
Partition (SATA) – /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, …
CDROM - /dev/cdrom
DVDROM - /dev/dvd
Floppy Drive - /dev/fd0

6. Disk Management df mkswap du For file and directory mkfs fsck
option –k in 1-k block-size
–m in 1-M block-size
–h human readable
mkswap du
For file and directory
mkfs
fsck

7. User Management useradd usermod userdel
Option –r (remove all files in home directory)
groupadd
groupmod
groupdel

8. User Management (Configuration files)
/etc/passwd
student:x:501:501:Full Time:/home/student:/bin/bash
/etc/shadow
student1:!!:13571:0:99999:7:::
student:$1$SaChG8Zj$vQuk0TSIgd:13560:0:99999:7:::
/etc/group
student:x:501:johnchan,jameswong
username
UID
Group ID
Home directory
Default shell
Password (not used)
Description / GECOS
username
password
Group Name
Group ID
Group members
Group password (Not used)

9. Environment Variables
PS1 – PS4
PATH
HOME
SHELL
USER
Commands
set
env
echo $XXXX
Note:
When you use shell variable, you need to $ before the name of the variable (e.g. $PATH)
Environment variable e.g. PATH

10. File System File System supported by Linux
ext2 / ext3 (ext3 with journaling)
FAT16
NTFS
HPFS ….
ISO9660 (CDROM)

11. Directory Layout / Structure
/dev
/etc
/etc/sysconfig
/lib
/bin and /sbin
/mnt (or /media)
/opt
/proc
/usr
/usr/local
/var
/var/log
/home
/root
You should understand/know
which type of file is stored in these directories?
any specific functions.

12. Important Files (configuration files)
/etc/fstab
/etc/inittab
/etc/crontab
/etc/grub.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/passwd
/etc/group
/etc/shadow
~/.bash_profile
~/.bash_logout
/etc/bashrc
~/.bashrc
You should understand/know
What kind of information is stored in these configuration files?
Functions of these configuration files (i.e. Which program/component is controlled by these configuration files).

13. Kernel Version Linux Kernel Version Meaning of kernel version
Different portion of kernel version
Kernel Version.Major.Minor.Patch (e.g )
Distribution
Example: Redhat, Mandrake, Debian, SuSe, Ubuntu, Knoppix, Fedora Core, CentOS … …
What is distribution meant?
What is System Administration / Duty of Administrator
Administrator account - root
You should know which command(s) can be used to complete a specific task
e.g create a new user account – useradd command and passwd command

14. Home Directory & Run Level
Relative path and absolute path
. Current directory
.. Parent directory
Home Directory : ~
Configuration Files
Meaning of the content of some configuration files (e.g. passwd, group, shadow)
Directory Layout
Run Level 0, 1, 3, 5 and 6