1. Weather and meteorology npor. Eva Slovák Kubalová

2. CONTENT WEATHER = the state of the atmosphere at precise
time and place, it is given by observed
atmospheric phenomena.
Meteorology
= the science studying atmosphere.

3. Meteorological phenomena
Meteorological phenomena influencing aviation:
turbulence
wind
precipitation, icing
clouds
visibility

4. TURBULENCE

5. TURBULENCE

6. WIND the movement of the air between areas of different
atmospheric pressure
wind direction / speed (knots)
head-, cross-, tailwind
anemometer, windsock

7. WIND
gust = a sudden, temporary increase of wind speed of at least 10 knots

8. WIND Squall = a temporary and sudden increase in wind speed
of at least 15 knots and which
lasts for at least 1 min

9. WIND
windshear = a sudden change in wind direction and/or speed over a short distance

10. WIND Microburst = very dangerous windshear which is associated
with storms and CBs;
= a downdraft over a small area

11. PRECIPITATION intensity: light, moderate, heavy
form: rain, shower, drizzle, thunderstorm, sleet
snow, freezing rain or drizzle, blizzard, hail
and pellets, dew, icing

12. PRECIPITATION

13. CLOUDS a mass of water droplets and/or ice crystals
cloud base - the lowest height of the cloud cover
cloud cover - the amount of cloud which can be seen
in the sky

14. CLOUD TYPE
low (strato-), middle (alto-), high level (cirro-)

15. SIGNIFICANT CLOUDS
CB – large, dense, unstable heap cloud with a lot of vertical height and which can develop into thunderstorm
Cumulus - large, unstable
heap cloud with considerable
vertical extent

16. VISIBILITY
phenomena reducing visibility: haze, mist, fog

17. INTENSITY OF PHENOMENA
Precipitation (e.g., rain, snow, hail):
- light
- moderate
- heavy
Wind shear:
- strong
Other phenomena (e.g., turbulence, icing):
- severe

18. SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
meteorological briefing
radar screen (letvis)
ledis screen
pilot's and ATCo's reports

19. REPORTS METAR – actual report (H1) – visibility,
clouds, wind, temp., QNH, dew point,…
TAF – terminal AD forecast, period H9 every H3, period H12-24 every H6,
SPECI – extra report given due to significant and sudden changes,
SNOWTAM – about snow and snow clearing at an airfield.

20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
QUESTIONS

21. QUESTIONS
Where can be turbulence observed? What intensity of turbulence do you know? Which cloud can develop into thunderstorm? Which phenomena reduce visibility? What examples of precipitation do you know? What are headwind, crosswind and tailwind? What sources of meteorological information do you use at work?