1. One evening a grandfather told his grandson about a battle that goes on inside people. He said, “My son, the battle is between two wolves inside us all. “One is Evil – It is anger, envy, jealousy, sorrow, regret, greed, arrogance, self-pity, guilt, resentment, inferiority. “The other is Good – It is joy, peace, love, hope, serenity, humility, kindness, benevolence, empathy, generosity, truth, compassion and faith.” The grandson thought about it for a minute and then asked his grandfather: “Which wolf wins?” The grandfather simply replied, “The one you feed”

2. Mission Hills High School
The Nervous System
Mission Hills High School

4. Myelin in PNS and CNS
Axons in large peripheral nerves contain a fatty, supportive sheath called myelin sheath
Presence of myelin makes nerve tissue appear white (white matter)
In CNS spinal cord, unmyelinated nerve tissue appear gray (grey matter)

5. What makes up the brain, the spinal cord or your peripheral nerves?
Neurons are “the cell”
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon
Dendrite
What do you think surrounds the cell?
What other organelles would be needed?

6. A nervous impulse is an electrochemical wave
How might it be similar to a wave in the ocean?

7. Check it out!

8. In Summary… A nervous impulse is called an action potential.
Depolarization occurs when sodium ions enter the neuron.
Repolarization occurs when potassium ions exit the neuron.
Sodium Potassium Pumps restore the concentrations during the refractory period.

9. How are neurons connected?
Synapses!!

10. Why are neurons connected?

11. More neuron connections!

12. Close up look at your synapse (The Gray Matter)
AXON
What is this in the membrane?
The synapse - where the action happens
Transport protein
The next cell’s plasma membrane

13. How does the Synapse carry the signal?
1. impulse travels down the axon (The White Matter)
Vesicles with neurotransmitters move toward the membrane
Neurotransmitters are released and diffuse toward the next cell’s plasma membrane
4. The chemicals open up the transport proteins and allow the signal to pass to the next cell

14. The synapse carries a signal from cell to cell1 3 4 2

15. The Reflex Arc

16. Action of peptide hormones
15.1 Endocrine glands
Action of peptide hormones

17. Action of steroid hormones
15.1 Endocrine glands
Action of steroid hormones

18. Visualizing the vital capacity
9.4 Mechanism of breathing
Visualizing the vital capacity

19. 9.6 Gas exchanges in the body
External respiration
Exchange of gases between the lung alveoli and the blood capillaries
PCO2 is higher in the lung capillaries than the air thus CO2 diffuses out of the plasma into the lungs
The partial pressure pattern for O2 is just the opposite so O2 diffuses the red blood cells in the lungs
Carbon dioxide transport: carbonic
H+ + HCO H2CO3 anhydrase H2O + CO2
Oxygen transport:
Hb + O HbO2