1. The Body’s Physical Systems
CHAPTER 2
The Body’s Physical Systems

2. The Nervous System
Neurophysiology. The Neuron. Anatomy. Electro-chemical activity. Neurotransmitter.
Neuroanatomy. The Central Nervous System.
The Forebrain. Cerebrum (cognition); Limbic System (emotion)
The Cerebellum. Balance, coordination
The Brain Stem. Reticular activating system (attention)
Pons (facial expression, chewing)
Medula (vital signs control)
The Spinal Cord. (limb activity)
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3. The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System. Somatic
Autonomic. Sympathetic (call to activity)
Parasympathetic (call to rest)
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6. The Endocrine System
Nervous system communication through hormones
The Pituitary Gland. (chemical messages from hypothalamus)
Other endocrine glands and organs.
Adrenal glands. (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine)
Thymus. (immunity)
Thyroid. (growth and metabolism)
Pancreas. (Blood sugar)
Ovary, testis. (reproductive functions)
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8. The Digestive System
Mouth. Break down food particles, salivary gland action. Stomach. Initial protein digestion. Food is liquefied and mixed. Small intestine. Chemical break down, absorption. Large intestine. Water absorption and waste storage.
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10. Digestive System Diseases
Peptic Ulcer Hepatitis Cirrhosis Cancer
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11. The Respiratory System
Body tissues need a constant supply of oxygen Mechanical action. (moving air in and out of the lungs) Gas Exchange. (respiration) In the alveoli, CO2 (toxic gas) is eliminated and O2 enters the blood stream Protective mechanisms. (sneezing, cough, mucous production) Impaired function. Asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer
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12. The Cardiovascular System
Blood transport of nutrients and waste removal from tissues. Chemicals and hormone distribution. The Heart. (A four chamber muscle pump nourished by the coronary arteries) Blood pressure. Systolic = 120 mmHg. Diastolic = 80 mmHg. Varies depending on demand and vascular conditions. Blood composition. (red and white cells, platelets and plasma) Cardiovascular disorders. (mostly related to blood vessel damage and blood flow abnormalities resulting in tissue damage)
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14. The Immune System
The body’s defense against foreign invaders. Antigens, Immunity Phagocytosis Cell mediated immunity. T cells Antibody mediated immunity. B cells Immunizations Stress, lifestyle and the immune system Autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus)
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16. COPYRIGHT
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