1. Higher physical education
Methods of data collection & the cycle of analysis

2. Task 1 
You have five minutes to describe how you would set up and complete the yo-yo test.
Think about the following:
How was the test set-up?
Who was involved in helping with the test?
What equipment was needed?
What did those doing the test have to do as the test progressed?
You are aiming to access as many marks out of 4.
Five minutes…no more!

3. Possible descriptive points…
1 Mark for each point of description…
Athlete completes a thorough warm-up
Measure out a 20m and a 5m section and mark with cones (‘A’, ’b’ and ‘c’)
When signalled by the cd, the athlete runs from cone ‘b’ to cone ‘c’ and places one foot on or beyond the 20m marker.
When signalled, the athlete then runs back to cone ‘b’.
The athlete then has a 10 second active recovery by walking/jogging to cone ‘a’ and back to cone ‘b’.
The athlete continues this pattern of shuttles as, and when, signalled by the cd
The assistant keeps a record of each completed lap
A warning is given when the athlete does not complete a successful out and back shuttle (cone ‘b’ to cone ‘c’ and back again) in the allocated time. The next time the athlete does not complete a successful shuttle, the test is stopped.
The assistant records the total distance completed by the athlete.
Have you got any additional descriptive points in your answer?

4. Mental emotional social physical
Cycle of analysis 
This forms the basis of the work you will do in all areas of your course.
You will be required to apply this process to each of the activities you take part in (no matter which factor or sub-factor we are looking into!).
Mental emotional social physical

5. Cycle of analysis – what is it? 
This is a four stage process designed to maximise the performance improvement of a player/athlete i.e. help you get better.
The aim of any serious performer is to make continuous improvements to their performance…but why?
To reach a goal/target set by themselves, their coach or their teacher
To increase chances of selection
To cope better with more physically demanding performances
To move further up a performance pathway
To increase longevity in their chosen sport.

7. Cycle of analysis…broken down 
Initial data collection
Identify stronger & weaker aspects of performance
Focussed data collection
Identify an area to develop
Plan a personal development plan (pdp)
Implement your pdp
Monitor your pdp
Evaluate the pdp and improvements made on performance.

9. Task 2  Cycle of analysis Stage 1…investigating performance (collecting initial data on performance)
In pairs, you have two minutes to answer the following question…
Explain what you want your data to be…to look like…to do for you. List as many answers as you can in your jotters.

10. Possible answers…  Trustworthy Accurate Measurable
Quick and easy to analyse
Quantity – enough to make valid conclusions from
Specific to what you want to collect data on
Clear and simple to interpret
Meaningful

11. Task 3 
Your group has been given one of the methods of data collection that we have used to gather data on your physical skills or your physical fitness.
You have got five minutes to discuss and write down as many advantages and limitations of that particular method.
Advantages – what makes this an effective method of data collection? What does it do/have which gives you the data you desire?
Limitations – what prevents this method from allowing you to gather appropriate data on your physical skills/fitness?

12. Validity & reliability 
What do these two words actually mean? Like actually?! (2 Minutes!)
Looking at your coach feedback…
Explain what makes this method valid when collecting data on your physical skills or fitness. (5 minutes)
What makes this method of data collection more reliable? What can you, or others, do to increase the reliability? (5 minutes)

13. Task 4 
For each of the following methods of data collection, list as many advantages and limitations they have when collecting data on your physical skills, fitness or communication:
Skills test (choose two from the four we completed last week)
Yo-yo test
Coach feedback (verbal)
Coach feedback (written).
For each of your advantages and limitations, write down the effect they would have on the data you collected.
Look back to task 2 to help you.

14. Set your answers out to task 4 like so…
Method of Data Collection: Yo-Yo Test
No.
Advantage/Benefit
Effect on Data 1
Easy to set-up due to limited equipment and simple lay-out.
Increases the quality of data as the test should be set up accurately every time we use it. 2 3
Limitation
Relies on the individual being highly motivated to complete the test to the best of their ability each time.
Decreases the validity of the data as the ‘Yo-Yo’ test is a maximal test which requires the individual’s maximum effort.

15. What are we actually, like actually, collecting data on?
In pairs, discuss what a full definition would be for each of the following sub- factors:
Skills (physical sub-factor) –
Fitness (physical sub-factor) –
Communication (social sub-Factor) –
Write down a full definition for each of the sub-factors above.

16. Objective? Subjective? Qualitative? Quantitative?
Task 5 
Factor: physical
Sub-factor: skills
Method of data collection: match analysis sheet
Describe what a match analysis sheet is in 3/4 lines of your jotter.
What type of data does this method provide you with?
Objective? Subjective? Qualitative? Quantitative?
(iii) Why would someone use a match analysis sheet? What do they want to find out?
(iv) Why is our match analysis sheet an effective method of data collection? (three reasons…)
(v) Why is our method of data collection not ideal when collecting data on someone’s skill level/consistency? (three reasons…)
(vi) What could we/you have done to make this a more reliable method of data collection?

17. Validity…a reminder 
Validity is whether the tests actually measure what they set out to. It is quite possible that a test can be very reliable but not valid. The validity of a test is usually better if the test is specific to the sport being tested: i.e., the tests should resemble the sport being tested, so that similar actions and therefore the specific muscle groups and muscle fiber types actually used in the sport are being used.
Taken from topend sports 2017

18. Reliability…a wee reminder 
A test is considered reliable if the results are consistent and reproducible over time. You should be able to obtain the same or similar result on two separate trials. This is important as you are often looking for small changes in scores, and you want the difference in results to reflect the changes in fitness of the person and not an error in measurement.
Some of the errors in recording of tests results can come about from poor following of the test protocols, equipment error, and variability in environmental conditions and/or surfaces. Reliability can be improved by greater control of these variables, and by using competent and well trained testers, though there is still some variability expected. All the equipment used should be standard and regularly calibrated to the manufacturer's standards. If more than one test is being conducted at a time, the ordering of tests can affect results for each test, as can he training and fatigue of the athlete between test sessions. 

19. Objective? Subjective? Qualitative? Quantitative?
Task 6 
Factor: physical
Sub-factor: fitness
Method of data collection: timed 50m sprint/80m speed endurance test
Describe how you set-up and carried out this test in 3/4 lines of your jotter. Use a diagram to support your answer.
What type of data does this method provide you with?
Objective? Subjective? Qualitative? Quantitative?
(iii) Why would someone use this test? What do they want to find out?
(iv) Why is this test an effective method of data collection? (three reasons…)
(v) Why is this method of data collection not ideal when collecting data on someone’s fitness level? (three reasons…)
(vi) What could we/you have done to make this a more reliable method of data collection?

20. What factors may influence test results?
Discuss (1 minute)…go!!!

21. What factors may influence test results?
The temperature, noise level and humidity
The amount of sleep the performer has had prior to testing
The performer’s emotional state
Medication the performer may be taking
The time of day
The performer’s caffeine intake
The amount of time since the performer’s last meal
The test environment – surface (track, grass, astro, gym)
The performer’s prior test knowledge/experience
The accuracy of measurements taken (times, distances etc)
The performer’s effort level (particularly in maximal tests)
Inappropriate or short warm-up
People present
The personality, knowledge and skill of the tester
The performer’s clothing/shoes
Environmental conditions – wind, rain etc

22. Good luck with outcome 1.1 of the fip unit  remember to use your notes and any resources in your jotters. Two factors: physical & social sub-factors: skills or fitness … & communication one method of data collection for each sub-factor advantages & limitations …and the effect these have on the data gathered!