1. Directions Dorsal Ventral Anterior Posterior Towards the back
Towards the stomach
Anterior
Towards the front end
Posterior
Towards the rear end

2. Directions Superior Inferior Lateral Medial MIDLINE
Above another structure
Inferior
Below another structure
Lateral
Toward the side, away from the midline
Medial
Toward the midline, away from the side
SUPERIOR
LATERAL
MEDIAL
INFERIOR

3. Slices/Planes Coronal/Frontal Plane Sagittal Plane Horizontal Plane
Shows brain structures from the front
Sagittal Plane
Shows brain structures from the side
Horizontal Plane
Shows brain structures from above

4. Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain
All voluntary movement and some involuntary
Spinal Cord
Communication between brain and body
Most involuntary movement

5. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary movement, skeletal muscles and external sensory organs
Autonomic Nervous System
Receives and sends information to organs
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or Flight System
Vigorous Activity
Stress
Parasympathetic Nervous System
When you are relaxed
Increased digestive processes

6. The Brain
Thanks Melissa!

7. The Forebrain Limbic System
Amygdala, fornix, thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus and pituitary gland
FUNCTION: Emotional behavior, aggression, recognizing fear in others, motivation, eating, drinking, sexual activity and anxiety
LOCATION: Forms a border around the brainstem

8. The Forebrain Thalamus THALAMUS Hypothalamus HYPOTHALAMUS
FUNCTION: major sensory relay center, sends and receives information from the cerebral cortex
LOCATION: Center of forebrain, walnut shaped
Hypothalamus
FUNCTION: Communicates with amygdala, temperature regulation hormone regulation and the 4 F’s
(Feeding, Fleeing, Fighting, and Fornicating)
LOCATION: Near the base of the brain, inferior and ventral to the thalamus
THALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMUS

9. The Forebrain Basal Ganglia
Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Palidus, Amygdala, Thalamus, Nucleus Basalis
FUNCTION: Receives input from hypothalamus, releases ACh, arousal, wakefulness, attention, cognition, voluntary movement and muscle coordination
LOCATION: Dorsal Surface of the Forebrain

10. The Midbrain Superior/Inferior Colliculi (Colliculus)
FUNCTION: Routing sensory information to the thalamus and cerebral cortex
Inferior – Auditory info
Superior – Visual info
LOCATION: swellings on each side of the tectum

11. The Midbrain Tegmentum
FUNCTION: motor functions, regulates awareness and attention, some automatic functions
LOCATION: Ventral region of the midbrain

12. The Midbrain Tectum FUNCTION: Controls auditory and visual responses
LOCATION: Dorsal region of midbrain

13. The Midbrain Substantia Nigra
FUNCTION: Dopamine producing neurons, involved in reinforcement and controls voluntary movement
(involved in Parkinson’s)
LOCATION: Posterior part of midbrain

14. The Hindbrain
Medulla
FUNCTION: vital functions, breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing
LOCATION: Just above the spinal cord and an extension of the spinal cord

15. The Hindbrain
Pons
FUNCTION: initiation of REM sleep, bridges the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum
LOCATION: anterior and ventral to the medulla

16. The Hindbrain Cerebellum
FUNCTION: smooth motor movement, balance and coordination, motor memory
LOCATION: posterior to the medulla

17. The Hindbrain Reticular Formation
FUNCTION: filters out unnecessary information – The Cocktail Party Phenomenon
LOCATION: System that includes the medulla, the pons and the cerebellum.

18. The Lobes Cerebral Cortex
FUNCTION: Intelligence, personality, sensation, motor function, planning, and organization
LOCATION: surrounds the subcortical structures, gray convoluted part of the brain

19. The Lobes Corpus Callosum FUNCTION: Connects the two hemispheres
LOCATION: directly in the center of the brain
CORPUS CALLOSUM

20. Cerebral Cortex

21. Cerebral Cortex

22. The Lobes
Frontal Lobe
FUNCTION: Planning, Organizing and Motor Control
LOCATION: Most anterior part of the brain

23. The Lobes Parietal Lobe FUNCTION: Integrates sensory information
LOCATION: Posterior to the frontal lobe

25. The Lobes Temporal Lobe FUNCTION: Audition and Speech
LOCATION: Lateral to midline, Inferior to parietal lobe

26. The Lobes Occipital Lobe FUNCTION: Vision
LOCATION: Most posterior part of the brain

27. The Ventricles Cerebrospinal Fluid
FUNCTION: Protects the brain by cushioning, provides hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord
LOCATION: Created in the Choroid Plexus which lines the ventricles

28. The Ventricles Central Canal
FUNCTION: connects the ventricles to the spinal cord
LOCATION: a fluid filled chamber in the center of the spinal cord

29. The Ventricles Lateral Ventricles
LOCATION: lateral to thalamus, connects 3rd ventricle to cerebral aquaduct
3rd Ventricle
LOCATION: in the center of the brain between the two hemispheres
4th Ventricle
LOCATION: posterior to the pons and medulla