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3.3 – NOTES – The Groups of the Periodic Table

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1 3.3 – NOTES – The Groups of the Periodic Table

2 A.9 The Elements Two major classifications of elements are metals and nonmetals Metalloids are intermediates between the two main groups and are located along the stairstep between metals and nonmetals Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals

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4 A.10 Organization of the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows are called periods Contain electrons in the same energy level Metals are on the left and nonmetals are on the right Vertical columns are called groups or families

5 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

6 Group 1 Called the alkali metals React very violently with water
All of these elements are metals except hydrogen 1 valence electron Very soft, very reactive Examples and other information sodium, lithium, potassium

7 Group 2 Called the alkaline earth metals
Also very reactive, but not as much as group 1 2 valence electrons Examples and other information Magnesium and Calcium

8 Groups 3-12 Called the transition metals Very stable elements
Valence electrons don’t follow pattern Mercury is the only liquid metal at room temperature Examples and other information Copper, iron, gold, silver, nickel Inner transition Actually located between groups 2 and 3 in periods 6 and 7, but placed two rows below the periodic table to conserve space Very rare elements Lanthanide Metals contain elements 57-70 Actinide Metals contain elements all radioactive, some naturally occurring others are synthetic

9 Group 17 Called the Halogens All nonmetal elements Very Reactive
Elements in all three states of matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas) 7 valence electrons Examples and other information Iodine, Bromine, Fluorine

10 Group 18 Called the Noble Gases Do not react to form compounds
Have 8 valence electrons All Gases Examples and other information Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

11 Groups are mixed groups and contain both solids, liquids, and gases. They are named by the first element in the group. These elements vary in properties and uses Group 13 is the Boron group, 3 valence electrons Group 14 is the Carbon group, 4 valence electrons Group 15 is the Nitrogen group, 5 valence electrons Group 16 is the Oxygen group, 6 valence electrons

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14 A.11 Predicting Properties
Periodic properties: vary among elements according to trends that repeat as atomic number increases Properties can be estimated by elements above and below on the table Mendeleev was unaware of several elements when he designed the periodic table, but he guessed at their existence and properties based on the elements surrounding the empty spaces

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