1. Meat Consumption: Eating higher on the food web

2. Fruits & vegetables make up very little of the human diet overall, even though they are high in fiber, vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates
60% of all meat is raised in developing countries, but they consume only 1/5th of commercial animal products.

3. Meat Consumption Varies Widely Between Countries

4. World Meat Consumption is Increasing

5. 10_17.JPG Figure 10-17 Title: Meat consumption. Caption:
Per capita consumption of meat from farm animals has risen steadily worldwide, as has per capita consumption of seafood (marine and freshwater, harvested and farmed). Data from U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Notes:
Keywords:
farms, farming, food, agriculture, livestock, animals, meat, feedlots

6. Meat vs. Fish Consumption

7. Most Americans enjoy eating meat, but are we aware of the environmental impacts?

8. Grain Production in the USA
Most of the grain produced
in the USA is fed to animals,
not to people.

9. Animal Farming Cropland: Over 50% is used to produce food for animals
Grain: consume 38% (70% in U.S.!)
Grazing: 14% of topsoil loss

10. Animal Farming Water Resources: 50% of annual
Methane: Cattle produce 12-15%
Waste: produce 21x more than humans
90% of energy lost through metabolism

11. Livestock create a huge amount of waste

12. Eating lower on the Energy Pyramid reduces one’s environmental impact

13. Protein per Acre

14. Disadvantanges of Eating Lower on the Food Chain
Poor cropland can make great rangeland
Meat gives us more than just calories– it provides us with protein & minerals
75% protein, 33% energy, most of Ca & P
Used for plowing, transportation, carrying loads
Sources of wool & leather
Excrement used for fertilizer & fuel

15. 10_20a.jpg
Figure 10-20a
Title:
Producing different types of animal products requires different amounts of land and water.
Caption:
(a) Land required to produce 1 kg of protein. Raising cattle for beef requires by far the most land and water of all animal products. Go to Graph It! at or on the student CD-ROM. Data from Smil, V Feeding the world: A challenge for the twentyfirst century, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Notes:
Keywords:
farms, farming, food, agriculture, livestock, animals, meat, feedlots

16. 10_20b.JPG
Figure 10-20b
Title:
Producing different types of animal products requires different amounts of land and water.
Caption:
(b) Water required to produce 1 kg of protein. Raising cattle for beef requires by far the most land and water of all animal products. Go to Graph It! at or on the student CD-ROM. Data from Smil, V Feeding the world: A challenge for the twentyfirst century, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Notes:
Keywords:
farms, farming, food, agriculture, livestock, animals, meat, feedlots

17. 10_19.JPG Amount of feed needed (input) to produce
1 kg edible weight (output)
Figure 10-19
Title:
Different animal food products require different amounts of input of animal feed.
Caption:
Chickens must be fed 2.8 kg of feed for each 1 kg of resulting chicken meat, for instance, whereas 20 kg of feed must be provided to cattle to produce 1 kg of beef. Go to at Graph It! or on the student CD-ROM. Data from Smil, V Feeding the world: A challenge for the twenty-first century. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Notes:
Keywords:
farms, farming, food, agriculture, livestock, animals, meat, feedlots

18. QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data
If the average person eats 3 kg of meat per week, how many kg of grain are required if the meat came from a cow?
a) 60 kg
b) 22 kg
c) 3 kg
d) 12 kg
Answer: a

19. To eat beef rather than chicken, a consumer is using _____ as much total energy to gain the calories they need.
A. four times
B. twenty times
C. equally
D. one-half
E. one-fourth
a. Beef= 16 lbs grain; Chicken= 4 lbs grain

20. To eat beef rather than grain, a consumer is using _____ as much total energy to gain the calories they need
A. sixteen times
B. fifty times
C. twice
D. one-fourth
E. one-sixteenth
a. It takes 16 lbs of grain to produce 1 lb of beef.

21. Comparative Ecological Footprints

23. Impacts of Diet on Global Warming

24. Impacts of Raising Cattle

25. Chronic vs. Infectious Disease

26. Meat Eating versus Disease

27. Feedlots regulated by the EPA
Huge warehouses or pens where livestock are fed and fattened up
Animals live at extremely high densities
Over ½ of the world’s pork, poultry & beef come from feedlots
Allow for greater production of food, a necessity for our level of meat
consumption
Feedlots regulated by the EPA

28. Feedlots
They don’t graze, they’re fed w/grain (usually corn) grown on a farm
Reduces impact on land
(No overgrazing issues)
Economically feasible:
Real estate costs
Range fees
Can use manure on farm fields

29. 10_18.JPG Figure 10-18 Title: Factory chickens. Caption:
These chickens at a Pennsylvania factory farm are housed several to a cage and have been "debeaked," the tips of their beaks cut off to prevent them from pecking one another. The hens cannot leave the cages and essentially spend their lives eating, defecating, and laying eggs, which roll down slanted floors to collection trays. The largest U.S. chicken farms house hundreds of thousands of individuals.
Given growth hormones??
Notes:
Keywords:
farms, farming, food, agriculture, livestock, animals, meat, feedlots

30. Increased meat production
Trade-Offs
Animal Feedlots
Advantages
Disadvantages
Increased meat production
Need large inputs of grain, fish meal, water, and fossil fuels
Higher profits
Concentrate animal wastes that can pollute water
Less land use
Eutrophication!
Reduced overgrazing
Figure 13.21
Trade-offs: advantages and disadvantages of animal feedlots. QUESTION: Which single advantage and which single disadvantage do you think are the most important?
Reduced soil erosion
Antibiotics can increase genetic resistance to microbes in humans
Odor!
Help protect biodiversity
Air pollution: CH4 methane (a greenhouse
gas) from flatulence
Fig , p. 289

31. Feedlots and Animal Rights
Crowded together in small pens & fattened up
Should we take into account animal rights as we determine how to best raise our food?

32. Substitute for High‑Input
“Free-range” chickens
Coops are moved on rollers, birds snack on plant pests
No disease problems

33. Rangeland= provides food for grazing & browsing animals without plowing and planting
Pasture= plowed, planted & harvested to provide forage for animals

34. Avoid Desertification
Overgrazing too many animals on a plot of land for too long of a time can lead to desertification
The animals eat so much of the plant that the roots die!
This can be avoided by moving the animals around

35. Figure 13.35
Individuals matter: ways to promote more sustainable agriculture. QUESTION: Which three of these actions do you think are the most important?
Fig , p. 303

36. 10_25.JPG Figure 10-25 Title: Farmers' markets. Caption:
Farmers' markets, such as this one in San Francisco, have become more widespread as consumers have rediscovered the benefits of buying fresh, locally grown produce.
Notes:
Keywords:
farms, farming, food, agriculture, croplands, crops, sustainability, sustainable, organic

37.
EVERY WEDNESDAY Las Vegas Farmers Market® Bruce Trent Park Wednesdays from 4pm - 8pm  
EVERY THURSDAY Las Vegas Farmers Market® Gardens Park Thursdays from 4pm - 8pm  
EVERY FIRST AND THIRD SATURDAY OF THE MONTH Las Vegas Farmers Market® Floyd Lamb Park at Tule Springs 10am - 2pm
SATURDAYS TIVOLI VILLAGE
SUNDAYS SANSONE PARK

38. The World is in Your Hands