1. Antibacterial resistance

2. Read read read, reduce reduce reduce, draw draw draw
Carbon cycling
Read read read, reduce reduce reduce, draw draw draw

3. How is carbon cycled?
Chains of carbon atoms form the framework of all organic molecules, the building blocks of life

5. The big C (carbon) what does it do for us?
UNUSABLE C at this point
Usable C

6. Long chain for starch, tubers or seeds

7. Cellulose, lipids and proteins

8. and proteins

9. Carbon in water equations

10. Carbon in water
C02 diffuses into water and is used by autotrophs to produce organic compounds (sugar, lipids, proteins) and calcium carbonate.
Step 1.
Step 2.
H+ (increases pH of water, so more CO2 in the air = ?)

11. In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present as dissolved carbon dioxide, hydrogen carbonate ions and calcium carbonate
Step 1 and 2
Step 3.
Calcium carbonate

12. Polyps: reef makers
These small marine animals, (individual organisms are called polyps), produce a hard skeleton made of calcium carbonate, where do they get the Carbon?
Step 3.

13. Polyps: reef makers
These small marine animals, (individual organisms are called polyps), produce a hard skeleton made of calcium carbonate, where do the get the Carbon?
Calcium carbonate

14. No polyps or foraminifera = no Limestone

15.
Both the polyps and foraminifera generate the calcium carbonate that eventually, in time, under pressure, create limestone
This process of taking carbon out of the atmosphere and “locking it up” as a long term storage is called biosequestration
We can create this same process of carbon capture called carbon sequestration but it is difficult and expensive at this time

16. Peat farming

17. Peat (sustainable?)
A water logged soil locations (norther latitudes, amazon river basin, south east asia)
to be called peat at least 30%
Soil layer that forms peat is called the histosol
The water content depresses the oxygen out of the histosol and creates a anaerobic and high pH environment
Anaerobic and high pH conditions only allow some organisms grow which limits the breakdown of plant material
In time it becomes a dense carbon rich fuel source

18. Peat, Oil and Gas, where is it from?
Under the right conditions peat can also be transformed into coal. Through lithification (?)
In time, as sediments accumulate on top and compress the peat deeper and deeper they are exposed to great pressure and heat. This pressure and heat causes the transformation from peat to coal (sediment to rock)
The carbon in the peat undergoes transformation to form energy rich long chains of carbon and hydrogen. It is this energy in the C-H bonds that is used when burned.

19. More Methane in the carbon cycle
Methanogens (archaeans): anaerobic conditions, produce methane when the break down nutrients

20. Draw Draw Draw

21. Biogas generator

23. Biofuels
Ethanol, biodiesel (fats and oils from pants and animals)