1. MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE
Microbial metabolisms 2

2. aerobic respiration in chemolithotrophs
Microbial metabolism
aerobic respiration in chemolithotrophs

3. H20, H2S, S, organic molecules
Metabolism
e- donor
e- acceptor
Microorganisms
Fermentation
Organic molecules
Organic molecule
Obligately anaerobic and facultative
chemoorganotrophic
Aerobic
Respiration
Organic
molecules
Inorganic O2
Obligately aerobic and facultative
Chemolithotrophs
Anaerobic Respiration
Organic or
inorganic molecules
NO3
SO4
CO2
Nitrate reducers
Sulfate reducers
Methanogenic
Photosynthesis
H20, H2S, S, organic molecules
NADP
NADPH
Cyanobacteria,
Green and Purple
bacteria

4. Energetics and carbon flow in chemolithotrophic respiratory metabolism

5. Energetics and carbon flow in chemolithotrophic respiratory metabolism

6. Type of chemolithotrophs
Energy yields from the oxidation of various inorganic electron donor
Electron donor
Reaction
Type of chemolithotrophs
E0’ of couple (V)
Hydrogen
H2+1/2O H2O
Hydrogen bacteria
-0.42
Sulfide
HS-+H++1/2O S0+H20
Sulfur bacteria
-0.27
Sulfur
S0+1/2O2+H2O SO42-+H2O
-0.20
Ammonium
NH4++1/2O2 NO2 +2H+
+H2O
Nyitrifyng bacteria
+0.34
Nitrite
NO2-+1/2O NO3-
Nitrifying bacteria
+0.43
Ferrous ion
Fe2++H++1/4O2 Fe3+ +1/2O2
Iron bacteria
+0.77

8. Bioenergetics and function of two hydrogenases of an aerobic H2 bacterium: Ralstonia eutropha

9. Bioenergetics and function of two hydrogenases of an aerobic H2 bacterium: Ralstonia eutropha

10. Oxidation of ammonia and electron
flow in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: the nytrosofyer Nitrosomonas

11. Oxidation of nitrite to nitrate by the nytrifyng Nitrobacter

12. NAD+/NADH+H+ = -0.32V
NO2-/NH3 = +0.34V
NO2-/NO3- = +0.43V
Reverse electron flow

13. Steps in the oxidation of reduced sulfur
compounds by sulfur chemolithotrophs
Deposition of internal sulfur granules by Beggiatoa

14. Oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds by sulfur chemolithotrophs

15. Electron flow during Fe2+
oxidation by the acidophile
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

16. Reverse electron flow
Energetics and electron flow during Fe2+ oxidation by the acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

17. Model for anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to the anammoxosome
membrane in anammox bacteria

18. anaerobic respiration
Microbial metabolism
anaerobic respiration

19. H20, H2S, S, organic molecules
Metabolism
e- donor
e- acceptor
Microorganisms
Fermentation
Organic molecules
Organic molecule
Obligately anaerobic and facultative
chemoorganotrophic
Aerobic
Respiration
Organic
molecules
Inorganic O2
Obligately aerobic and facultative
Chemolithotrophs
Anaerobic Respiration
Organic or
inorganic molecules
NO3
SO4
CO2
Nitrate reducers
Sulfate reducers
Methanogenic
Photosynthesis
H20, H2S, S, organic molecules
NADP
NADPH
Cyanobacteria, Green and Purple bacteria

21. The anaerobic way of life: examples of anaerobic respirations

22. Anaerobic respiration
1. Nitrate reduction and the denitrification: facultative
aerobes (Escherichia, Pseudomonas)
2. Sulfate reduction: obligate anaerobes (Desulfovibrio)
3. Carbonate respiration (methanogenesis): Archaea
obligate anaerobes (Methanobacterium)
4. Carbonate respiration (acetogenesis): homoacetogenic
bacteria obligate anaerobes (Acetobacterium)
5. Ferric iron, manganese, fumarate, halogenated
compounds:facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes

23. Steps in the dissimilative reduction of nitrate

24. Electron transport in Pseudomonas stutzeri during denitrification

25. Electron transport in E. coli when O2 or NO3- is the electron acceptor

27. Electron transport in sulfate-reducing bacteria

28. Electron transport in sulfate-reducing bacteria

29. Hydrogen is a major electron donor for homoacetogens and methanogens that can use CO2 as electron acceptor

30. Microbial metabolism
photosynthesis

31. H20, H2S, S, organic molecules
Metabolism
e- donor
e- acceptor
Microorganisms
Fermentation
Organic molecules
Organic molecule
Obligately anaerobic and facultative chemoorganotrophic
Aerobic
Respiration
Organic
molecules
Inorganic O2
Obligately aerobic and facultative
chemoorganotrophic
Chemolithotrophs
Anaerobic Respiration
Organic or
inorganic molecules
NO3
SO4
CO2
Nitrate reducers
Sulfate reducers
Methanogenic
Photosynthesis
H20, H2S, S, organic molecules
NADP
NADPH
Cyanobacteria,
Green and Purple
bacteria

33. Energetics and carbon flow in phototrophic metabolism

34. Energetics and carbon flow in phototrophic metabolism

35. Classification of phototrophic organisms in terms of energy
and carbon sources.

36. Oxygenic photosynthesis green plants, algae and cyanobacteria
e-and H+ donor: H2O
nH2O+nCO (CH2O)n + nO2
Light
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
purple and green bacteria, heliobacteria
e-and H+ donor: H2S, S2O32-, H2, organic compounds
2H2S+CO (CH2O) +H2O +2S
Light

37. Energy and reducing power synthesis in oxygenic phototrophs.
Oxygenic phototrophs obtain their energy from light (hv) and light also drives the oxidation of water to oxygen.

38. Energy and reducing power synthesis in anoxygenic phototrophs
Anoxygenic phototrophs obtain their energy from light (hv).

39. Structures of chlorophyll a

40. Structures of bacteriochlorophyll a

41. Structure of all known bacteriochlorophylls

42. The chlorosome of green sulfur and green nonsulfur bacteria

43. Model for the arrangement of light-harvesting
chlorophylls/bacteriochlorophylls
versus reaction centers

44. Structure of b-carotene, a typical carotenoid

45. Structure of a ficobilosome

46. Reaction center (RCII) in the anoxygenic photosynthesis of a purple bacterium

47. Cyclic Photophosphorylation General scheme of electron flow
in anoxygenic photosynthesis
in a purple bacterium

48. Arrangement of protein complexes in the photosynthetic
membrane of a purple phototrophic bacterium

49. Arrangement of protein complexes in the photosynthetic
membrane of a purple phototrophic bacterium

50. General scheme of electron flow in anoxygenic photosynthesis
in a purple bacterium
NAD(P)H Generation

51. A comparison of electron flow in purple bacteria,
green sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria

52. A comparison of electron flow in purple bacteria,
green sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria

53. Electron flow in
oxygenic
photosynthesis,
the “Z” scheme

54. Electron flow in
oxygenic
photosynthesis,
the “Z” scheme

55. Key enzyme reaction of the Calvin cycle.
Reaction of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase.

56. Key enzyme reaction of the Calvin cycle.
Steps in the conversion of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

57. Key enzyme reaction of the Calvin cycle.
Conversion of ribulose 5-phosphate to the acceptor molecule
ribulose bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphoribulokinase.

58. The Calvin cycle: For each six molecules of CO2 incorporated,
one fructose 6-phosphate is produced

59. Amino acid biosynthesis

60. Map of the photosynthetic gene cluster of the purple
phototrophic bacterium, Rhodobacter capsulatus

61. Ammonia incorporation in bacteria