1. The Road to Revolution Do Now
What do you think is going to be the biggest reason the colonies will revolt against England and why?
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

2. Impact of Enlightenment
Spread of Republicanism
Voltaire- civil liberties, freedom of religion
Montesquieu- 3 branches- executive, legislature, judicial
Locke- natural rights of man
Smith- capitalism, free trade, market economy
Hobbes- social contract, submit to sovereign authority. “Leviathan”
Rosseau-social contract, liberal republicanism
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

3. England’s Policies towards the Colonies
Original policy
Salutory Neglect
As long as colonies provided raw materials and engaged in trade, they were generally left alone
Some taxes, but not much!
Post 1763
Mercantilism
Forced trade imbalance where England’s exports to the colonies are much more than the import value of products from the colonies.
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

4. Early English Acts Navigation Acts 1650-1673 Molasses Act 1733
Series of laws designed to force the colonies to trade only with England
Molasses Act 1733
Hard to enforce, led to smuggling, England eased up until 1763!!
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

5. Homework
Make a full page chart showing the positives and negatives in the mercantile relationship between the mother country and the colony.
There are actually + and – for each. Obviously more + for mother and – for colony but think of as many as you can.
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

6. Mother Country (England) Colony (U.S.)$$
Positive trade balance
Raw Materials
^ land
^ tax base/ ^population
^ worldwide respect
^ paying/skilled jobs
Protection
Automatic trading partner
Some rights/ freedoms
Jobs
technology P o S I T V E s N E G A T I V s
Spreads out military
Possible revolts
Cost of defending territory
Tension with other countries
Depleted resources
Less freedoms/rights
Low paying jobs
Forced to buy English products
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

7. Effects of French and Indian War
England
Almost total control of N. America
1763- turning point of English policy!!!!
Who was at fault for the war???
Who pays for it???
England in severe debt!!! 60% of their national budget was to pay off the war loan interest!!!
Switch from Salutory Neglect to mercantilism
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

8. Proclamation of 1763
Prevented colonists from moving west of Appalachian Mts.
Why we pissed??
Why England did it?
Avoid conflict between colonists and natives
“buffer”
War costs $$$
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

9. Taxing time!!! Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765 Townshend Acts 1767
Taxed French molasses and sugar products
Actually reduced the English molasses tax in 1/2!!!!
Stamp Act 1765
All printed items
Townshend Acts 1767
Series of acts taxing imports (glass/lead/tea/etc.)
Tea Act 1773
Tax on American tea, but not British!!
Do we have a right to complain about these taxes?????
Reality check!!!!
Colonists paid 1/20th the amount of taxes as the average English citizen!!!
Tea tax $1 year extra if you drank a gallon of tea every day!!
Sugar and tea are indirect taxes!!!!
Basically all the taxes were repealed within a year!!
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

10. Do Now-
How can the colonists protest the taxes to try and get them repealed or reduced?
Give at least 3 ways.
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

11. Reactions!!!! Stamp Act Congress 1765 Boycotts Riots Hanging in Effigy
James Otis “no taxation without representation”
14 grievances to England (Declaration of Rights and Grievances)
Unified???
Stamp act repealed a year later, but England made Declaratory Act 1766
England has the right to make laws on its colonists!!!
Boycotts
Riots
Hanging in Effigy
Tar and Feathering
Boston Tea Party 1773
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

12. Sons of Liberty Formed after Stamp Act Samuel Adams John Hancock
1st to want complete independence
The brains and the muscle of the group
Basically the founder of the Revolution, it was his full time job!
Committee of Correspondence
John Hancock
The $$$/frontman
Liberty Tree/Pole
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

13. Gaspee Affair British patrol ship ran aground
R.I. Sons of Liberty boarded, looted, and burned the ship
Trial for treason?
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

14. Boston Massacre 5 people dead Crispus Attacks
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?
Boston Massacre
5 people dead
Crispus Attacks
How did the British government react to the Massacre?????
They put 9 soldiers on trial!!!
2 found guilty of manslaughter
And we still complained!!

15. Intolerable Acts-1774 Quartering Act Boston Port Act
Troops sleep in people’s homes
Boston Port Act
Closes the harbor
Massachusetts Government Act
Ends all colonial charters
Administration of Justice Act
Troops tried in London
Quebec Act
Rights for French Canadians living in Quebec region
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

16. 1st Continental Congress-1774
Met to discuss Intolerable Acts
12/13 colonies (no Georgia)
Declaration of Resolves
calls for a boycott with all British trade
If England doesn’t agree, they will meet again
King George “"The die is now cast, the colonies must either submit or triumph."
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

17. Common Sense- Thomas Paine
Pamphlet urging colonists to revolt
Why name it “Common Sense”???
Written anonymously- Why???
Paine a British citizen
500,000 copies sold 1st year
Total population of colonies was 2.5 million!!
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

18. 2nd Continental Congress
May 1775
How to deal with English military threat
Reconciliation? War? Independence?
Lexington and Concord
British went to get back weapons (Concord) and arrest Adams and Hancock (Lexington)
“shot heard round the world”
Who won???
Basically an undeclared state of war existed
Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen seize Lake Champlain and Lake George
Olive Branch Petition
“loyal” subjects
King George says state of rebellion exists
Declaration of Independence 1776
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

19. Ralph Waldo Emerson-Concord Hymn
By the rude bridge that arched the flood, Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled, Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps; And Time the ruined bridge has swept Down the dark stream which seaward creeps. On this green bank, by this soft stream, We set to-day a votive stone; That memory may their deed redeem, When, like our sires, our sons are gone. Spirit, that made those heroes dare, To die, and leave their children free, Bid Time and Nature gently spare The shaft we raise to them and thee.
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

20. Stimulus Based Questions
50 questions on AP test (and our unit tests)
55 minutes
Different from DBQ questions
2-5 in a batch

21. Do Now-Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson chosen to write it… Why?
Good writer… From Va. …. Youngest…
Basically, a very good essay!!- What do you think it will say???
Preamble (Intro)- Topic Sentence
1st body- Enlightenment Philosophy on purpose of government
2nd body
What England has done wrong as to why the colonists must leave
Conclusion
We’re gone!!!! Bye-Bye!!!!
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

22. Preamble
When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

23. Enlightenment Philosophy
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?
Enlightenment Philosophy
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

24. Bitch List!! You should be able to figure them out!!!!!
Taxes w/out consent
Quartering act
Suspending local gov’t etc. etc.
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

25. Conclusion
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. — And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

26. U.S. Birth??? Is July 4th, 1776 our birth as a nation????
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

27. “The Bostonians in Distress”
Is this cartoon sympathetic or mocking the colonists?
How does the cartoonists depict the colonists?
What aspects of the picture suggest that the men in the cage do not deserve respect?
Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?

28. “An Attempt to Land a Bishop in America”
How is this cartoon a reaction to the Quebec Act?
What does this show about the relationship between religion and the revolution?

29. Aim: Why did the colonists start the American Revolution against England?