1. Doubly charmed mesons from hadronic molecules
KEK
S. Yasui
Future Prospects of Hadron Physics at J-PARC and Large Scale Computational Physics
@Ibaraki Quantum Beam Research Center 9-11 Feb. 2012

2. Contents Introduction 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. H. Lee, S.Y., W. Liu, C. M. Ko, Eur. Phys. C54, 259 (2008)
S. H. Lee, S.Y., Eur. Phys. C64, 283 (2009)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y., K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
3. Other exotic heavy hadrons (→ poster session)
S.Y., K. Sudoh, Phys. Rev. D80, (2009)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, Phys. Rev. D84, (2011)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, arXiv: (appear in PRD)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y., K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
4. Summary

3. 1. Introduction Many new cc states above threshold quarkonium cc
+ exotic states
quarkonium cc
Eichten in QWG 2008 Nara

4. 1. Introduction
X(3872), X(3940), Y(4260), Z(4430)+, ... Yb , Zb+, ...
Why are they exotic?
unusual decay widths and branching ratios
unexpected states different from cc quark model c d u
Z(4430)+ (Zb+)
Y(4260) g
X(3872)
ccg hybrid
S. L. Zhu (2005)
DD* (ccuu) molecule
Tornqvist (1991)
ccud (bbud)
really tetraquark
ccud
DD* threshold ?
gluon dynamics ?
isospin correlation ?
diquark correlation ?
Tcc1
Cornel potential
Coulomb 1/r + confinement kr

5. 1. Introduction Mass scales and Symmetries 3 5 150 200 1500 4700 [MeV]
u d s
ΛQCD c b
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
Nuclei formed by tensor force
Λ(1405) and K nuclei
...

6. 1. Introduction Mass scales and Symmetries 3 5 150 200 1500 4700 [MeV]
u d s
ΛQCD c b
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
Nuclei formed by tensor force
Λ(1405) and K nuclei
...

7. ??? 1. Introduction Mass scales and Symmetries 3 5 150 200 1500 4700
[MeV] m
u d s
ΛQCD c b
???
Chiral Symmetry
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
SU(4)L x SU(4)R
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
Nuclei formed by tensor force
Λ(1405) and K nuclei
...

8. 1. Introduction Mass scales and Symmetries 3 5 150 200 1500 4700 [MeV]
u d s
ΛQCD c b
Heavy Quark
Symmetry
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
SU(2)spin x SU(Nh)
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
Nuclei formed by tensor force
Λ(1405) and K nuclei
...

9. 1. Introduction Mass scales and Symmetries 3 5 150 200 1500 4700 [MeV]
u d s
ΛQCD c b
Heavy Quark
Symmetry
Chiral Symmetry
SU(3)L x SU(3)R
SU(2)spin x SU(Nh)
π, K as Nambu-Goldstone bosons
D-D* (Σc-Σc*, Ξcc-Ξcc*) mass degeneracy (heavy quark sym.)
Chiral multiplets (ρ-a1, N-N*, ...)
X, Y, Z, …
Nuclei formed by tensor force
More exotics? (like Tcc)
Λ(1405) and K nuclei
Charmed/Bottomed nuclei ?
...

10. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
D and nucleon
D bound nuclei D D N
✓ no strong annihilation
✓ no strong annihilation
tetraquark Tcc1
Zb (isospin 1) c d u B
I=1
✓ no strong annihilation

11. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
D and nucleon
D bound nuclei D D N
✓ no strong annihilation
✓ no strong annihilation
tetraquark Tcc1
Zb (isospin 1) c d u B
I=1
✓ no strong annihilation

12. ? 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc) c d u u c d c + tetraquark Tcc1
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)
Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)
Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)
Lee and SY (2009)
tetraquark Tcc1
„explicitly“ exotic
✓ no annihilation
Tcc1 D0
D*- ? c d u u c d c
I(JP)=0(1+) +
Spin-color int. sBa (a=1,..,8) induces
ud pair
1/mQ0
dominant attraction (3c, I=0, s=0)
cu pair
1/mQ1
suppressed
cc pair
1/mQ2
further suppressed

13. ? 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc) c d u u c d c + tetraquark Tcc1
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)
Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)
Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)
Lee and SY (2009)
tetraquark Tcc1
„explicitly“ exotic
✓ no annihilation
Tcc1 D0
D*- ? c d u u c d c
I(JP)=0(1+) +
Spin-color int. sBa (a=1,..,8) induces
ud pair
1/mQ0
dominant attraction (3c, I=0, s=0)
cu pair
1/mQ1
suppressed
cc pair
1/mQ2
further suppressed

14. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)
Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)
Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)
Lee and SY (2009)
tetraquark Tcc1
„explicitly“ exotic
✓ no annihilation
Tcc1 D0
D*- c d u u c d c
I(JP)=0(1+) +
No strong decay
Spin-color int. sBa (a=1,..,8) induces
ud pair
1/mQ0
dominant attraction (3c, I=0, s=0)
cu pair
1/mQ1
suppressed
cc pair
1/mQ2
further suppressed

15. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)
Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)
Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)
Lee and SY (2009)
tetraquark Tcc1
„explicitly“ exotic
✓ no annihilation
Tcc1 D0
D*- c d u u c d c
I(JP)=0(1+) +
No strong decay D
D* threshold (3880 MeV)
~ 75 MeV
Stable bound state (decay only weakly)
Tcc1

16. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)

17. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
Manohar, Wise (1993)
Tornqvist, (1994)
Ding, Liu, Yan (2009)
Ohkoda, Yamaguchi, Y,
Sudoh, Hosaka (2011)
tetraquark vs. hadronic molecule?
tetraquark
hadronic molecule D D* c d u u c d c
meson exchange
(di)quark
D, D* meson
d.o.f
color
isospin
gluon-exchange
(color-spin)
meson-exchange
(OPEP)
int.
mass
deeply bound?
shallow bound/resonance?

18. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
Manohar, Wise (1993)
Tornqvist, (1994)
Ding, Liu, Yan (2009)
Ohkoda, Yamaguchi, Y,
Sudoh, Hosaka (2011)
tetraquark vs. hadronic molecule?
tetraquark
hadronic molecule D D* c d u u c d c
meson exchange
(di)quark
D, D* meson
d.o.f
color
isospin
gluon-exchange
(color-spin)
meson-exchange
(OPEP)
int.
mass
deeply bound?
shallow bound/resonance?

19. ? ?? 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc) Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... K
SU(3)
SU(4)
SU(5)
Weinberg-Tomozawa

20. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... K*
K* is almost irrelevant in dynamics...
vector
But D* and B* are new ingredients!
400 MeV D* B*
140 MeV
pseudo-
scalar
45 MeV K D B
500 MeV
1870 MeV
5280 MeV
Chiral Symmetry
Heavy Quark Symmetry

21. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
Strangeness, Charm, Bottom, ... K
p, ω, ρ
D(*)
B(*)
p, ω, ρ
p, ω, ρ
One pion is absent.
(short range force)
One pion is present.
(long range force)
Weinberg-Tomozawa
One pion exchange potential
(OPEP)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:

22. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
D(*) D(*) potential
Heavy Quark Symmetry
D(*)
D(*)
G. Burdman and J.F. Donoghue (1992)
M.B. Wise (1992)
T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung,
G.-L. Lin, Y.C. Lin and H.-L. Yu (1997)
D(*)D(*)π vertex
p, ω, ρ
with
vector + pseudoscalar
P=D, B
D(*)D(*)ω and D(*)D(*)ρ vertex
D(*)
D(*)
R. Casalbuoni et al,
Phys. Rep. 281, 145 (1997)
Cf. NNπ, NNω, NNρ vertex from Bonn potential
R. Machleidt et al,
Phys. Rep. 149, 1 (1987)

23. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
D(*) D(*) potential
Heavy Quark Symmetry
D(*)
D(*)
G. Burdman and J.F. Donoghue (1992)
M.B. Wise (1992)
T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung,
G.-L. Lin, Y.C. Lin and H.-L. Yu (1997)
D(*)D(*)π vertex
from Γ(D*→Dπ)
p, ω, ρ
with
vector + pseudoscalar
P=D, B
D(*)D(*)ω and D(*)D(*)ρ vertex
from leptonic and radiative decay of B
D(*)
D(*)
R. Casalbuoni et al,
Phys. Rep. 281, 145 (1997)
Cf. NNπ, NNω, NNρ vertex from Bonn potential
R. Machleidt et al,
Phys. Rep. 149, 1 (1987)

24. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
D(*) D(*) potential
Heavy Quark Symmetry
D(*)
D(*)
G. Burdman and J.F. Donoghue (1992)
M.B. Wise (1992)
T.-M. Yan, H.-Y. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheung,
G.-L. Lin, Y.C. Lin and H.-L. Yu (1997)
D(*)D(*)π vertex
from Γ(D*→Dπ)
p, ω, ρ
with
vector + pseudoscalar
P=D, B
D(*)D(*)ω and D(*)D(*)ρ vertex
from leptonic and radiative decay of B
D(*)
D(*)
R. Casalbuoni et al,
Phys. Rep. 281, 145 (1997)
Cf. NNπ, NNω, NNρ vertex from Bonn potential
R. Machleidt et al,
Phys. Rep. 149, 1 (1987)

25. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
D(*) D(*) potential
Form factor at each vetex
D(*)
D(*)
p, ω, ρ
ΛD,B/ΛN = (rD,B/rN)-1
rD,B,N : hadron size from quark model
D(*)
D(*)
ΛN for NNπ(ρ,ω) vertex is fixed to reproduce a deuteron.
SY and Sudoh, PRD80, (2009)
Yamaguchi, Ohkoda, SY, Hosaka, PRD84, (2011)
Yamaguchi, Ohkoda, SY, Hosaka, arXiv: (appear in PRD)

26. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
D(*) D(*) potential
Form factor at each vetex
D(*)
D(*)
p, ω, ρ
ΛD,B/ΛN = (rD,B/rN)-1
rD,B,N : hadron size from quark model
D(*)
D(*)
ΛN for NNπ(ρ,ω) vertex is fixed to reproduce a deuteron.
All parameters (coupling constants, cut-offs) are fixed.
SY and Sudoh, PRD80, (2009)
Yamaguchi, Ohkoda, SY, Hosaka, PRD84, (2011)
Yamaguchi, Ohkoda, SY, Hosaka, arXiv: (appear in PRD)

27. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
I(JP) (J≤2) in D(*)D(*) states

28. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
I(JP) (J≤2) in D(*)D(*) states

29. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
I(JP) (J≤2) in D(*)D(*) states
Tcc1

30. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
I(JP) (J≤2) in D(*)D(*) states
Tcc1 D D*
S-wave
D-wave
(2) Tensor mixing (OPEP)
(1) DD, DD*, D*D* mixing

31. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
tetraquark vs. D(*)D(*) molecule
tetraquark
D(*)D(*) molecule
tetraquark
Tcc1

32. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
tetraquark vs. D(*)D(*) molecule
D(*)D(*)
tetraquark
D(*)D(*) molecule
tetraquark
Tcc1

33. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
tetraquark vs. D(*)D(*) molecule
D(*)D(*)
tetraquark
D(*)D(*) molecule
tetraquark
Tcc1

34. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y.,
K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:
tetraquark vs. D(*)D(*) molecule
Energy spectrum is very different !!
(a) g.s. is negative parity.
(b) many resonant states can exist.
(c) I=1 state can exist.
D(*)D(*)
tetraquark
D(*)D(*) molecule
tetraquark
Tcc1

35. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
D and nucleon
D bound nuclei D D N
tetraquark Tcc1
Zb (isospin 1) c d u B
I=1

36. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
D and nucleon
D bound nuclei D D N
tetraquark Tcc1
Zb (isospin 1) c d u B
I=1

37. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
Belle, arXiv:
Zb(10608) M1= ±2.0 MeV, Γ1=15.6±2.5 MeV
I(JPC)=1(1+-)
Zb(10653) M2= ±1.5 MeV, Γ2=14.4±3.2 MeV
exp.
exp.
Our prediction
I=1
I=0, exotic JPC
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y., K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:

38. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
Belle, arXiv:
Zb(10608) M1= ±2.0 MeV, Γ1=15.6±2.5 MeV
I(JPC)=1(1+-)
Zb(10653) M2= ±1.5 MeV, Γ2=14.4±3.2 MeV
exp.
exp.
Our prediction
I=1
I=0, exotic JPC
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y., K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:

39. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
Belle, arXiv:
Zb(10608) M1= ±2.0 MeV, Γ1=15.6±2.5 MeV
I(JPC)=1(1+-)
Zb(10653) M2= ±1.5 MeV, Γ2=14.4±3.2 MeV
exp.
exp.
Our prediction
I=1
Υπ, hbπ loop effect
(rough estimate)
I=0, exotic JPC
S. Ohkoda, Y. Yamaguchi, S.Y., K. Sudoh, A. Hosaka, arXiv:

40. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
D and nucleon
D bound nuclei D D N
tetraquark Tcc1
Zb (isospin 1) c d u B
I=1

41. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
D and nucleon
D bound nuclei D D N
tetraquark Tcc1
Zb (isospin 1) c d u B
I=1

42. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
D and nucleon
π+Σc (2593 MeV)
π+Σc* (2658 MeV)
Λc(2595) 0(1/2-)
Λc(2625) 0(3/2-)
Σc(2800) 1(??)
D*+N (2947 MeV)
D+N (2803 MeV)
D and nucleon
`Λ*-channel‘
D*+N (2947 MeV)
D+N (2803 MeV)
No other channels → Only DN and D*N
`Pentaquark-channel‘
S.Y., K. Sudoh, Phys. Rev. D80, (2009)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, Phys. Rev. D84, (2011)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, arXiv: (appear in PRD)

43. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
D and nucleon
D*+N (2947 MeV)
D+N (2803 MeV)
No other channels → Only DN and D*N D N D*
S-wave
D-wave
`Pentaquark-channel‘
S.Y., K. Sudoh, Phys. Rev. D80, (2009)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, Phys. Rev. D84, (2011)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, arXiv: (appear in PRD)

44. D*+N D+N 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons D and nucleon D N D* S-wave
D*+N (2947 MeV)
D+N (2803 MeV)
No other channels → Only DN and D*N D N D*
S-wave
D-wave
`Pentaquark-channel‘
S.Y., K. Sudoh, Phys. Rev. D80, (2009)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, Phys. Rev. D84, (2011)
Y. Yamaguchi, S. Ohkoda, S.Y., A. Hosaka, arXiv: (appear in PRD)

45. 3. Other exotic heavy hadrons
BN state
DN state
6263 MeV
2946 MeV
D*N
B*N
6217 MeV BN
B nuclei
H dibaryon
2255 MeV
2807 MeV ΞN DN ΛΛ
D nuclei
2230MeV
Λ(1405) KN πΣ
1433 MeV
1330 MeV
Hypernuclei
K nuclei

46. 4. Summary ・ Heavy quarks have new symmetry and dynamics.
Heavy quark symmetry
D-D* mixing
...
・ Many exotic heavy hadrons and nuclei.
Tcc1 and other DD states
Zb (I=1) and other BB states (→ Ohkoda’s poster)
DN bound/resonance states (→ Yamaguchi’s poster)
D bound nuclei
・ Lattice QCD analysis?
・ Searches in e+e-, pp (pp) and heavy ion collisions should be performed.

47. ExHIC (Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions) collaboration
S. Cho (Yonsei U.), T. Furumoto (YITP and RIKEN), T. Hyodo (Tokyo Inst. Technology), D. Jido (YITP), C.-M. Ko (Texas A&M U.), S. H. Lee (Yonsei U. and YITP), M. Nielsen (U. de Paulo), A. Ohnishi (YITP), T. Sekihara (YITP and Kyoto U.), K. Yazaki (YITP and RIKEN), S. Y. (KEK)
PRL106, (2011);
PRC84, (2011)
Hadron molecule 1
Normal hadron
0.2
Multi-quark

49. 2. Doubly charmed mesons (Tcc)
Carlson, Heller, Tjon (1988)
Silvestre-Brac and Semay (1993)
Lee, SY, Liu and Ko (2008)
Lee and SY (2009)
tetraquark Tcc1
„explicitly“ exotic
✓ no annihilation
Tcc1 D0
D*- c d u u c d c
I(JP)=0(1+) +
No strong decay
Binding energy of Tcc(bb)1 [MeV]
→ Tcc(bb)1 are stable as 3f multiplet of SU(3)f.

53. ExHIC (Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions) collaboration
3. Experimental researches
Yields of exotic hadrons at RHIC and LHC
S. Cho et al. (the ExHIC collaboration), PRL106, (2011)
ExHIC (Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions) collaboration
S. Cho (Yonsei U.), T. Furumoto (YITP and RIKEN), T. Hyodo (Tokyo Inst. Technology), D. Jido (YITP), C.-M. Ko (Texas A&M U.), S. H. Lee (Yonsei U. and YITP), M. Nielsen (U. de Paulo), A. Ohnishi (YITP), T. Sekihara (YITP and Kyoto U.), K. Yazaki (YITP and RIKEN), S. Y. (KEK)