1. Mark Lewis Sustainable Fiber Technologies March 26, 2015
Analytical Fiber Comparisons Alternative Pulp Fibers Derived from the Phoenix Process
Mark Lewis
Sustainable Fiber Technologies
March 26, 2015

2. North American Biomass Potential

3. Commercial Operations
Two new mills due to start up in 2016
Wheat Straw
Columbia Pulp in Eastern WA
2nd Proprietary Currently

4. Columbia Pulp 400 tpd

5. Types of Fiber
Wheat Straw
Bagasse
Miscanthus
Bamboo
Arundo donax

6. Data Presented
PFI Data
Commercial Evaluation
Samples

7. PFI Refiner Curves
TAPPI T-248
Standard for Market Pulp Evaluations

8. Fiber Length WAFL (mm) Alfalfa 0.87 Arundo 1.41 Bagasse 1.01 Bamboo
WAFL (mm)
Alfalfa
0.87
Arundo
1.41
Bagasse
1.01
Bamboo
1.39
Miscanthus
1.05
Wheat
1.13
Aspen
0.8
Maple
0.6
Spruce
2.6

9. Wheat Straw SEM

10. Bagasse SEM

11. Arundo Photomicrograph

12. Washed Whole Stalk
PFI Revs
Density
Tear Index
Burst Index
Tensile Index
Freeness
(g/cc)
(mN/(m2/g))
(Kpa*m2/g)
(Nm/g)
(mls)
0.514
4.99
1.66
30.5
510
250
0.598
3.63
2.3
48.7
320
500
0.661
3.44
2.76
45.4
160
750
0.719
2.68
3.49
52.1 90
Depithed Washed
0.566
5.43
2.48
38.8
595
0.610
4.67
3.03
48.9
410
0.638
4.35
3.87
62.1
265
0.643
3.97
3.95
57.8
180

13. Freeness (CSF)
Columbia Straw Pulp
554
443
270
142
SAPPI NBHK (Somerset)
582
408
303
182
SAPPI Birch
616
522
419
209
SAPPI Aspen
492
397
351
320
Sappi Maple
431
393
356
330
Tensile Index
31.8
48.0
70.7
62.8
34.3
89.8
114.3
131.3
15.9
52.7
67.2
81.5
19.5
36.2
42.6
44.4
17.4
26.2
29.7
34.6
Burst Index
1.7
2.5
3.5
3.9
0.6
3.4
4.6
6.2
3.2
4.4
5.8
0.7
1.8
2.3
1.1
1.4
Tear Index
6.6
5.2
4.9
8.4
9.3
8.9
12.7
11.4
10.2
3.7
6.4
7.2
7.3
4.3
5.1

14. Freeness (CSF)
Wheat Straw Pulp
554
443
270
142
Bagasse
595
410
265
180
Bamboo
616
422
209
Arundo
650
425
280
205
Miscanthus
605
255
170
SAPPI Aspen
492
397
351
320
Sappi Maple
431
393
356
330
Tear Index
6.6
5.8
5.2
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.4 4
4.8
5.5
5.1 5
6.2
5.02
4.1
3.7
6.4
7.2
7.3
2.5
4.3

15. Freeness (CSF)
Wheat Straw Pulp
554
443
270
142
Bagasse
595
410
265
180
Bamboo
616
422
209
Arundo
650
425
280
205
Miscanthus
605
255
170
SAPPI Aspen
492
397
351
320
Sappi Maple
431
393
356
330
Burst Index
1.7
2.5
3.5
3.9
2.4
3.0
3.8
0.6
3.2
4.4
4.8
1.2 3
4.6 5
3.3
3.7
0.7
1.8
2.3
1.1
1.4

16. Freeness (CSF)
Wheat Straw Pulp
554
443
270
142
Bagasse
595
410
265
180
Bamboo
616
422
209
Arundo
650
425
280
205
Miscanthus
605
255
170
SAPPI Aspen
492
397
351
320
Sappi Maple
431
393
356
330
Tensile Index
31.8
48.0
70.7
62.8
38.8
48.9
62.1
51.8
28.5
52.7
67.2
71.5
32.5
53.1
70.3
75.2
32.2
38.5
48.2
51.5
19.5
36.2
42.6
44.4
17.4
26.2
29.7
34.6

22. Arundo vs. Hardwood

23. Conclusions Nonwood Fibers have a hardwood type fiber length
Strengths are generally superior to hardwood
When substituting wheat straw for OCC there is an increase in both Burst and Short Span Compression
Wheat straw offers superior stiffness compared with other nonwood fibers
The Phoenix Process offers companies an Bioregional approach for nonwood fiber usage