1. Phrases and Clauses

2. Definitions Phrases – collection of words; examples:
Noun phrase – the tall green tree
Prepositional phrase –by the river

3. Definitions Phrases – collection of words
Clauses – collection of words that contain both a subject and a verb
May or may not be a complete thought; example:
After he got home, he watched a rerun of the game.
Incomplete thought (After he got home ) is called a dependent clause
Complete thought (he watched a rerun of the game ) is called an independent clause

4. Definitions Phrases – collection of words
Noun phrase – the tall green tree
Prepositional phrase –by the river
Clauses – collection of words that contain both a subject and a verb
May or may not be a complete thought
After he got home, he watched a rerun of the game.
Incomplete thought is called a dependent clause
Complete thought is called an independent clause
Sentences – composed of at least one independent clause and, optionally, one or more dependent clauses

5. Uses of Dependent Clauses
As noun
Subject – Ex: Whoever ate the last cookie is in deep trouble!
Direct Object – Ex: I did not see who ate the last cookie!
As adjective
Ex: The nice lady who brought the snacks tonight is Sherry.
Ex: The car which your wife sold me last week has broken down.
As adverb
Ex: When we get enough snow, we are going to build a snowman.
Ex: We are going skiing when it snows.
Ex: We cancelled our trip to Tennessee because of the wildfire.

6. Isaiah 35:3-6 (p 707)
“With this news, strengthen those who have tired hands, and encourage those who have weak knees. Say to those who are afraid, “Be strong and do not fear, for your God is coming to destroy your enemies. He is coming to save you.” And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf. The lame will leap like a deer, and those who cannot speak will shout and sing!
“Strengthen the hands - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
of those who are weak. – linking verb
Help those - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
whose knees give way.
Say to those - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
whose hearts are afraid,
“Be strong, - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
do not fear. - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
Your God will come – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
He will pay your enemies back. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
He will come to save you.” – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)

7. Isaiah 35:3-6 (p 707)
“With this news, strengthen those who have tired hands, and encourage those who have weak knees. Say to those who are afraid, “Be strong and do not fear, for your God is coming to destroy your enemies. He is coming to save you.”
“Strengthen the hands - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
of those who are weak. – linking verb
Help those - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
whose knees give way.
Say to those - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
whose hearts are afraid,
“Be strong, - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
do not fear. - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
Your God will come – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
He will pay your enemies back. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
He will come to save you.” – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)

8. Isaiah 35:3-6 (p 707)
“With this news, strengthen those who have tired hands, and encourage those who have weak knees. Say to those who are afraid, “Be strong and do not fear, for your God is coming to destroy your enemies. He is coming to save you.”
“Strengthen the hands - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
of those who are weak. – linking verb
Help those - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
whose knees give way.
Say to those - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
whose hearts are afraid,
“Be strong, - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
do not fear. - imperative (implied subject is “you”)
Your God will come – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
He will pay your enemies back. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
He will come to save you.” – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)

9. Isaiah 35:3-6
And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf. The lame will leap like a deer, and those who cannot speak will shout and sing!
Then
- used to say what happens next or what you do next:
Mix the flour and butter, then add the eggs.
Byron travelled to Italy and then to Greece.
- used when saying what the result of a situation or action will be:
If you won't tell him, then I will.
Start off early, then you won't have to rush.
Then the eyes will be opened. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
of those who are blind – linking verb
The ears will be unplugged. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
of those who can’t hear - instance of helping verbs – express negative
Those will leap like a deer. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
who can’t walk - instance of helping verbs – express negative
And those will shout with joy. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
who can’t speak - instance of helping verbs – express negative

10. Isaiah 35:3-6
And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf. The lame will leap like a deer, and those who cannot speak will shout and sing!
Then
- used to say what happens next or what you do next:
Mix the flour and butter, then add the eggs.
Byron travelled to Italy and then to Greece.
- used when saying what the result of a situation or action will be:
If you won't tell him, then I will.
Start off early, then you won't have to rush.
Then the eyes will be opened. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
of those who are blind – linking verb
The ears will be unplugged. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
of those who can’t hear - instance of helping verbs – express negative
Those will leap like a deer. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
who can’t walk - instance of helping verbs – express negative
And those will shout with joy. – simple future (promise and prediction – because it is God)
who can’t speak - instance of helping verbs – express negative

12. Definitions Phrases – collection of words
Noun phrase – the tall green tree
Prepositional phrase –by the river
Clauses – collection of words that contain both a subject and a verb
May or may not be a complete thought
After he got home, he watched a rerun of the game.
Incomplete thought is called a dependent clause
Complete thought is called an independent clause
Sentences – composed of at least one independent clause and, optionally, one or more dependent clauses

13. Uses of Dependent Clauses
As noun
As adjective
As adverb

14. Isaiah 35:3-6
“With this news*, strengthen those who have tired hands, and encourage those who have weak knees. Say to those who are afraid, “Be strong and do not fear, for your God is coming to destroy your enemies. He is coming to save you.” And when he comes, he will open the eyes of the blind and unstop the ears of the deaf. The lame will leap like a deer, and those who cannot speak will shout and sing!
“Strengthen those – imperative (implied subject is “you”) and transitive (object is “those”)
who have tired hands - transitive
encourage those - imperative (implied subject is “you”) and transitive (object is “those”)
who have weak knees - transitive
Say to those - imperative (implied subject is “you”) and transitive (object is the quote)
who are afraid - linking
Be strong - imperative (implied subject is “you”) and linking
do not fear. - imperative (implied subject is “you”) and intransitive
Your God is coming – intransitive
He is coming – intransitive
He comes – intransitive
He will open … and unstop – both transitive
Will leap, will shout, sing – all intransitive
* “This news” is the promise that God will eventually restore the world to the way he created it originally – displaying His glory (the previous paragraph)
Also compare this promise to Matt 11: 1-6 where Jesus explains how he is the fulfillment of this promise from God.