1. Aristotle’s five traditional canons of rhetoric
invention | arrangement | style memory | delivery

2. Invention “Write about dogs!”
Copyright The New Yorker Collection, George Booth. All rights reserved.

3. Invention From Latin “invenire,” meaning “to find”
Definition: the art of finding and developing materials, the ability to discover ideas
Having something to say rather than having to say something

4. Arrangement AKA organization
How do I put my ideas together? How does the author put her ideas together?
When we talk about “genres,” “modes of development,” “functional parts,” we are talking about arrangement.

5. Arrangement Argument – 4-part structure:
Assertion (I think…)
Concession (Others may think…)
Evidence/rebuttal (However, here’s why I’m right…)
Conclusion (Therefore … agree with me)
Aristotle’s classic arrangement
Excordium – introduction
Narration – context
Partition – Defines scope of argument
Confirmation – “body” of argument
Refutation – Considers and counters other points of view
Peroration - conclusion

6. Style Every piece of writing has style
Good style always depends on situation
Includes figurative language, diction, language resources (grammar, punctuation), levels of formality, syntax, allusion
You probably know more about this than any of the others.

7. Memory
Copyright Mike Keefe, Denver Post, 2007

8. “You have to know stuff.”
Memory
In Aristotle’s time, it literally meant memorizing
Contemporary memory refers to what a student knows, can access, and use.
Part of a “mature academic perspective”
“You have to know stuff.”

9. Delivery
In Aristotle’s time, it was the art of public speaking, enunciation, gestures, eye contact, cadence, pacing.
In our time, how text looks on the page
Involves font size and style, use of white space (margins, columns), insertion of visuals, layout (columns, bullets, boxes, etc.), hypertext links, emphasis techniques like italics, bold, dashes.

10. Delivery On-demand writing Revised writing One side of the paper
One-inch margins on all sides
Use ink.
“Medium size” penmanship
Revised writing
Typed, double-spaced
One-inch margins
Proper header (name, class/period, date)
12-point Times New Roman
One side of the paper
MLA/APA format