1. Non-invasive cardiac pulse measurement
Submitted by:
Dr. Neeru Rathee

2. Outline… Introduction History Design of a Medical Mirror
Demonstration of Technology
Demonstartion of Working
Interaction
Advantages
Conclusion and Future scope

3. Introduction: Current techniques for physiological
monitoring require users to strap on 
bulky sensors, chest straps, sticky electrodes etc.
 A new mirror interface for real-time, Contact-free measurements of heart rate without the need for External sensors .
 Users can experience remote health Monitoring by simply looking into the medical mirror(cardio cam).

4. History : Invented by Ming -Zher poh in MIT Media Lab in 2009.
 In 2009, Ming-Zher Poh and his roommate, Dan McDuff, asked some friends to sit in front of a laptop. He is electrical and medical-engineering graduate student at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), was trying to transform the computer’s webcam into a heart-rate monitor.
 After one year, there was a large framed mirror sits in the MIT Media Lab. Behind the two-way glass, a webcam-equipped monitor is wired to a laptop.
 His friend McDuff wrote code to process the data in real time which is used to generate an instant heart-rate reading in laptop

5. Design of a Medical Mirror:

6. Design : Medical Mirror to provide a natural user Interface.
An LCD monitor with a built-in webcam to provide an interactive display.
A two-way mirror was fitted onto the frame to present a reflective surface for the users in normal lighting conditions.
The user is visible to the webcam and the LCD monitor is used to project information onto the reflective surface of the mirror.
The monitor and webcam are connected to a laptop running the analysis software in real-time.

7. Interaction:
A single user will be able to interact with the mirror at a time.
When looking into the mirror, the user will see a box appear around his/her face and a timer will be displayed on the top corner of the box.
Users will be asked to stay relatively still as the timer counts down.
User’s heart rate will be displayed on the mirror, allowing simultaneous visualization of his/her physical appearance and physiological state .
The heart rate measurement will be updated continuously until the user looks away.

8. How does this technology Work:
It uses light to measure the information from your body.
 Every time your heart beats, the blood in your vessels increases very slightly.
 Blood absorbs light and so this increase absorbs more mono light, decreasing the amount of light being transmitted or reflected by your body.
 In this case were just using the ambient light around you: 
sunlight, room light or anything that is illuminating your environment.
 The camera then measures the mono light being reflected off you, in this case your face.

9. Working:
An automated face tracker detects the largest face within the video feed from the webcam and localizes the measurement region of interest (ROI) for each video frame.
It uses light to measure the information from your body.
The raw RGB signals are decomposed into three independent components
( patterns) using independent component analysis (ICA).
The user’s heart rate is quantified as the frequency that corresponds to the highest power of the spectrum within an operational frequency band ( bpm).

10. Demonstration of Working:

11. Advantages:
The Medical Mirror fits seamlessly into the ambient home environment.
People can play a more active role in the management of their health, as they have complete access to their heart rate.
Blending the data collection process into course of our daily routines.
This interface is intended to provide a convenient means for people to track their daily health with minimal effort.
This is beneficial for babies or for people with sensitive skin or burn wounds.

12. What we conclude..
In conclusion, this is an amazing invention because the relationship between the Medical Mirror and people could save some people some discomfort when they visit the doctor and it possibly could help others save their lives by noticing the higher heart be at that probably would go undetected otherwise.

13. Future Scope
Creating a real-time, multi parameter physiological measurement platform based on this technology will be the subject of future work.
In the Future, Even Your Bathroom Mirror Will Be a Computer.
You would be able to use this technology on a phone, laptop or any device with a camera.

14. Reference POH, M.-Z., MCDUFF, D.J. AND PICARD, R.W. 2010.
Non-contact, Automated Cardiac Pulse Measurements Using Video Imaging and Blind Source Separation. Optics Express, vol. 18, no. 10,