1. Glaciers and Landscapes
Review Session 5
Glaciers and Landscapes

2. WHERE DO GLACIERS FORM?
This graph shows the places on earth where winter accumulation can exceed summer melting.
Notice that glaciers can exist at the equator, at elevations above 5200 meters, as well as in the arctic.

3. Alpine Glaciers
Continental Glaciers

4. Glacial Erosion
The rocks frozen to the bottom act like sandpaper to form GLACIAL GROOVES and GLACIAL PARALLEL SCRATCHES on the bedrock underneath the glacier. These are called STRIATIONS

5. Glacial Erosion
Over time, a glacier is going to carve a valley out of that rock underneath. A GLACIER WILL ALWAYS CARVE OUT A U-SHAPED VALLEY!

7. Erratic Boulder-sized rock dumped by a glacier
Rock is different type than surrounding rocks

8. Unsorted Materials- all sizes mixed together (called Till)

9. Drumlins
A drumlin forms when a glacier moves over a hill or deposits and shapes a large group of sediments.
Drumlins have a steep side and a gradual side
Drumlins tell you which direction the glacier moved
The direction of motion is always from the steep side to the gradual side
Direction of motion

10. The Finger Lakes
During the last ice age (~10,000 years ago), most of the Northeast USA was covered in glaciers
When the ice age ended, the glaciers melted, carving u-shaped valleys in upstate NY
Some of these valleys filled with water, forming the Finger Lakes.

11. Three Major Landscape Types
A. Mountains
1. High elevation compared to surrounding areas or sea level.
2. Distorted rock layers (folds, tilts, faults)
3. Often composed of metamorphic rock. (Regional Metamorphism)

12. Three Major Landscape Types

13. Three Major Landscape Types
B. Plateaus
1. High elevations above sea level.
2. Undistorted rock layers (flat bedrock). (Sedimentary!)
3. Streams may have cut deep canyons.

14. Three Major Landscape Types
C. Plains or Lowlands
1. Level surface with little change in slope.
2. Often horizontal rock structure.

15. Influences of Climate Arid or Dry Climates
1. Little vegetation to hold sediments in place on slopes.
2. Wind and Water rapidly carry sediments away.
3. Characterized by steep slopes and sharp, angular landscapes.

17. Influences of Climate Humid Climates
1. Sediments are held in place by vegetation.
2. Characterized by smoother and more rounded landscape.
3. Chemical weathering also contributes to rounded landscapes.

21. Drainage Patterns
the general shape or pattern that is formed by tributaries as a result of different topography.
 Four examples of drainage patterns  

22. Dendritic looks like the branches of a tree.
 -found on flat uniform strata.

23. Annular
circular pattern resulting from a   dome with upturned layers. 

24. Radial
flowing outward from a central high point like a volcano or a mountain.

25. Rectangular
tributaries flow at right angles to the main stream channel.
- form where the strata is folded and faulted.