1. Table (3.1)- the averages of the 10 models costs
% of total cost
Description
item
15.10
Brick work 1
15.00
R.C slabs 2
11.03
Tiles 3
9.53
R.C foundation 4
9.50
Sanitary work 5
9.14
Carpentry &joinery 6
8.10
electricity 7
6.60
Plaster work 8
4.47
Painting work 9
3.50
Excavation & B.F 10
2.30
Plain concrete 11
Roof treatment 12
1.98
RC column 13
1.45
RC staircase 14

2. Cost model Project name: Merowi Dam project .
Type of building: housing type (A)
No. of stories: 2
Total built area: 410 m2 .
Total building cost: 40,723,508 .

3. Table (3.2)- Typical cost model
% of total cost
Cost in S.D
Description
item
11.05
Brick work 1
17.42
R.C slabs 2
13.25
Tiles 3
9.91
R.C foundation 4
5.16
Sanitary work 5
11.72
Carpentry &joinery 6
8.40
electricity 7
6.18
Plaster work 8
5.23
Painting work 9
4.86
Excavation & B.F 10
1.77
722808
Plain concrete 11
2.20
899500
Roof treatment 12
1.78
723250
RC column 13
1.O3
420000
RC staircase 14
40,723,508
TOTAL COST

4. Table (4.1)- Elements and their costs percentages
% of total cost
Cost in S.D
Description
item
11.05
Brick work 1
17.42
R.C slabs 2
13.25
Tiles 3
9.91
R.C foundation 4
5.16
Sanitary work 5
11.72
Carpentry &joinery 6
8.40
electricity 7
6.18
Plaster work 8
5.23
Painting work 9
4.86
Excavation & B.F 10
1.77
722808
Plain concrete 11
2.20
899500
Roof treatment 12
1.78
723250
RC column 13
1.O3
420000
RC staircase 14
40,723,508
TOTAL COST

5. Table (4.3)- Pareto Analysis Results
% of total cost
Class total cost
Class Element
Class
63,36
25,803,700
Brick work
R.C slabs
Tiles
R.C foundation
Carpentry &joinery A
29.85
12,154,250
Sanitary work
electricity
Plaster work
Painting work
Excavation & B.F B
6.79
2,765,558
Plain concrete
Roof treatment
RC column
RC staircase C

6. Table (4.4)- Function Analysis
Class
Function
Element
Item
noun
verb
Basic
load
Carry
/distribute
RC footing 1
Basic secondary
Load
people
Carry protect
RC flat slab 2
Secondary
secondary
Partitions
Privacy
interiors
Construct facilitate improve
Brick work 3
Circulation
Security
privacy
Facilitate
Enhance
Doors 4
Air
light
Refresh
provide
Windows 5
Appearance
Cleaning
walls
Give
protect
Ceramic tiles 6

7. Table (4.5)- Proposed Alternatives
Element
item 2 1
Hollow block slab
Slab with beams
RC flat slab
TRI-DI panels walls
Cement hollow blocks
Brick work
Steel doors& windows
TIMBER DOORS& WINDOWS
Alumni. Doors& windows 3
Cast insitu Terrazzo
Terrazzo tiles
Ceramic tiles 4

8. Table (4.6)- Actual Design Costs
Cost in S.D
Element
Item
7,095,000
R.C Flat slab 1
3,827,200
Brick work 2
4,775,750
Alumni. Door & windows 3
5,395,00
Ceramic tiles 4

9. Table (4.7)- Proposed Ideas Costs
Cost in S.D
Element
Item
4,370,000
RC slab with beams, using high tensile steel 1
3,093,000
Cement hollow block walls 2
5,291,000
Tri-Di panel finished walls 3
3,029,000
Timber doors & windows 4
Steel doors & windows 5
3,960,000
30×30 cm terrazzo tiles 6
4,322,500
Cast insitu terrazzo tiles 7

10. Table (4.8)- Presentation of savings
item
Actual Design
Proposals
Savings
S.D 1
R. concrete flat slab
R. con. With beams (using high tensile steel)
2,725,000 2
Ordinary brick work
A- cement hollow block
B- using tri-di panel (eliminating plaster cost)
734,000
582,200 3
Alum. Doors &windows
A- timber d & w
B- steel d & w
1,746,750
2,445,450 4
Ceramic tiles
A- terrazzo tiles
B- cast in situ terrazzo
1,430,000
1,072,500