1. SECTIONS OF THE MANUSCRIPT

2. What is an apa format? APA Format
American Psychological Association’s standard form for preparing psychological reports.
See the sixth edition of publication manual of the American Psychological Association for detailed information.
APA format is used to help make the publication of journal articles uniform.
Also helps reader.

3. Sections of the APA-Format Paper
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results Body of Report
Discussion
References
Appendixes

4. RESEARCH REPORT vs. RESEACRH PROPOSAL
Research Proposal
Title Page
Abstract -
Introduction
Method
Results
Expected Results & Proposed Data Analysis
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Appendixes

5. TITLE PAGE What is the research about? (i.e., the title)
Who did the research? (i.e., the authors)
Where was the research done? (i.e., authors’ affiliation)
Brief heading (the ‘running head’)-should not exceed 50 characters
NOTE: It should summarize the main idea simply. Recommended title is words.

6. ABSTRACT One paragraph summary 100-120 words
Centered heading with the word Abstract
Abstract should include
The problem
The method
The findings
Conclusions & implications

7. INTRODUCTION Title at the top of the page Objectives
Introduce the problem, and why is it important?
Summarizing relevant literature and describing implications of the study
Describe purpose, rationale, theoretical framework, and design of the study with predictions and hypotheses.
What was done and why?

8. METHOD Starts just after introduction section
Double-spaced centered heading with the word Method
How the study was conducted?
Include the details which are important to understand and replicate the study
Sections
Participants-Who participated the study?
Materials (apparatus)-What did you use? Reliability and validity of the instruments
Procedure-Describe what happened from the beginning to the end

9. RESULTS Starts just after method section
Double-spaced centered heading with the word Results
Actual findings of the study
Summarize the data using statistics
Structure
The purpose of analysis
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
Conclusions

10. DISCUSSION Starts just after results section
Double-spaced centered heading with the word Discussion
Evaluate and interpret findings
What did you find similar or different from the previous work?
Limitations, alternative explanations
Propose additional research that needs to be done

11. REFERENCES
A central heading on a separate page with the word References
Types
Journal article:
Elo, A., Ervasti, J., Kuosma, E., & Mattila, P. (2008). Evaluation of an organizational stress management program in a municipal public works organization. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(1),
Book:
Smith, C., & Laslett, R. (1993). Effective classroom management: A teacher’s guide (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Chapter in an edited book:
Richards, K. C. (1997). Views on globalization. In H. L. Vivaldi (Ed.), Australia in a global world (pp ). North Ryde, Australia: Century.

12. APPENDIXES Separate page following references
Each appendix is identified with a capital letter (A,B,…)
Materials used (questionnaires, scales, tests, tasks, etc.) description of an equipment