1. Systems Design

2. WHAT IS SYSTEMS DESIGN? Design is the essence of engineering.
Broadly defined, design is the creative process by which our understanding of logic and science is joined with our understanding of human needs and wants to conceive and refine artifacts that serve specific human purposes.

3. WHAT IS SYSTEMS DESIGN?
As a profession, therefore, engineering is concerned primarily with design-- the design of processes, structures, machines, circuits, and software
--and with the purposeful combinations of these elements to result in what we call systems.

4. STEPS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
This gives the detail of the structure of the system including the size, shape, materials, and quantities of components and the interrelationships among these design elements together.

5. STEPS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
Achieving this result means bridging the gap between the realm of human needs (tangible and intangible) and the realm of concrete expression.
The concept of the design is understood to involve
the specification of measurable goals, objectives, and constraints for the design

6. the conceptualization and parameterization of alternative candidate designs that meet or surpass specifications;
the analysis and ranking of design alternatives; and,
finally, the selection, implementation, and testing of the most preferred alternative

7. STEPS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
It should be noted that, no single realization of the design process is just the fight style for all.
It is assumed that, translation from human needs to final design invariably involves the experience, intuition, skill, and creativity of the designer or design team.

8. STEPS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS …
Design is universally understood to be a creative, iterative, decision-making process since there is no unique solution to a given design problem.

9. STEPS IN THE DESIGN PROCESS

10. 1. Problem Definition
The design process begins with the identification of a human need and the reduction of this need to a precise set of specifications for the system to be built.

11. Problem Definition..……Cont
The definition of system specifications for a given design problem usually requires considerable interaction with the client or sponsor in order to:
ensure that the design problem is well understood,
that goals and objectives of the design are explicit,
and that the success of alternate designs can be measured quantitatively.

12. Problem Definition..……Cont
Gibson (1991) recommends seven steps for the systematic development of goals. These are:
Generalize the question in order to provide a correct problem statement placing the problem in its proper context.
Develop a descriptive scenario, honestly assessing where you are now.
Develop a normative scenario describing where you want to be at some time in the future.
Develop the axiological component, setting out the values of the sponsor.

13. Problem Definition …steps Cont..
Prepare an objectives tree that contains the most general goals at the top, and successively more specific and measurable objectives in the branches below.
Validate the goals and objectives developed in the preceding steps.
Iterate through several passes to refine and perfect the objectives tree.

14. 2. Design Synthesis
This involves generating alternative designs, or design options, that might reasonably satisfy system specifications.
Systems engineers typically think of alternative designs as points in an options or design space.
The options space is the set of possible system configurations and decisions, and represents the full range of choices available to the designer.

15. Design Synthesis … cont…
For complex problems, defining the options space can be a very difficult task.
Need to decompose it into two component subtasks--design synthesis and parameterization-- which can be addressed sequentially, but iteratively.

16. Design Synthesis … cont…
How to Develop Design Options

17. Design Synthesis … cont…
Read about design options on page 6-8 ( ) System Design

18. 3 &4 . Parameterization and Analysis
The result of design synthesis is the selection of a promising set of preliminary or conceptual designs for the system.
These design concepts need to be converted into detailed designs for all components and subsystems.

19. Parameterization and Analysis …cont…..
This requires the identification of system parameters and selection of parameter values. Hazelrigg (1996) defines this as the task of design parameterization:
Parameterization consists of identifying the numerical quantities that specify each element in the system and their permissible ranges.
A system specification consists of a set of values for the system parameters together with the system configuration.

20. 5. Ranking and Selection
The ranking of design alternatives and the ultimate selection of the most preferred design involves the selection of the best parameterization of the best conceptual design.

21. 6. Prototype and Testing
The ultimate step in the design process involves the fabrication and testing of a prototype or system.

22. DESIGN TOOLS CAD, CAE, CAM, and CIM
Computer-aided design (CAD) refers to the use of modem computing hardware and software in converting the initial idea for a product into a detailed engineering design.
Read more on
computer-aided engineering (CAE).
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

23. Thank you!!!