1. Chapter 2 Organizing Public Security in the United States1-

2. Introduction
The public security industry is enormous, expanding every year
The U.S. security industry spends an immense amount of money and provides jobs for millions of people
The security industry operates on all governmental levels
The local level (villages, towns, counties, tribes, and cities), the state level, and the federal level
There are a vast number and many different types of law enforcement jobs from which to choose
Objective: To acquaint you with the many and diverse local, tribal, and state public agencies that enforce the law and ensure public safety in the United States 1-

3. The U.S. Public Security Industry
OVERVIEW
Extremely complex and expensive undertaking
Law enforcement is primarily the responsibility of local governments
The U.S. approach to law enforcement is unique
Many employment opportunities in U.S. law enforcement at the federal, state, and local levels
Objective: To acquaint you with the number and type of jobs available to you in policing
Objective: To describe the size, scope, and functions of law enforcement agencies in the public sector 1-

4. Local Law Enforcement METROPOLITAN LAW ENFORCEMENT
Most officers primarily perform patrol duties
Spending more time on antiterrorism duties
Larger metropolitan areas have overlapping jurisdictions
COUNTY LAW ENFORCEMENT
Patrolled by a sheriff’s department
Duties of a county sheriff’s office vary
Several different types of sheriff’s departments 1-

5. Local Law Enforcement RURAL AND SMALL-TOWN LAW ENFORCEMENT
Face serious problems because of their size
Not having immediate backup
Locally made methamphetamine
Gangs are also becoming a problem
Changing demographics
Mostly short-lived and dissipate quickly 1-

6. Local Law Enforcement INDIAN COUNTRY AND TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT
First regulated by the U.S. Army
Jurisdictional confusion
Governmental power to make or enforce laws in Indian country is divided
Federal governments
State governments
Tribal governments 1-

7. Local Law Enforcement CAMPUS LAW ENFORCEMENT
Nearly all public campuses use sworn officers
Working relationships with local law enforcement
Nearly all provide 24-hour patrol services
LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AND ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
Cooperation with federal immigration officials
“Don’t ask” policies
Police Foundation report (2009) 1-

8. Local Law Enforcement LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE ERA OF REDUCED BUDGETS
2008 recession
Governments fighting
for financial resources
Public still demands
same level of service
Volunteers
Important
Provide critical police services
Courtesy of Scott Whittemore/Wellesley Police 1-

9. State Law Enforcement OVERVIEW
49 states have a primary enforcement agency
Hawaii uses several statewide agencies
Generally patrol small towns and state highways
Responsibility to enforce some state laws
Centralized model of state law enforcement
Decentralized model of state law enforcement 1-

10. Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Legal and prosecutorial arm of the U.S. government
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Identification Division
National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
FBI Crime Laboratory
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
Investigatory Activities
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
U.S. Marshals Service
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)
Operation Fast and Furious
Courtesy of Gerald L. Nino/U.S. Border Patrol
Objective: To introduce the numerous federal law enforcement agencies that enforce federal laws and regulations and assist local and state police departments 1-

11. Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Executive Office for Asset Forfeiture (EOAF)
Executive Office for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crime (EOTF/FC)
Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) 1-

12. Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Established in March 2003
Merged 22 previously disparate domestic agencies
Protection against further terrorist attacks
U.S. Secret Service
Objective: To alert you to the many changes made in U.S. public law enforcement following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks against the United States
Courtesy of EPA/Michael Reynolds/Landov 1-

13. Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Law enforcement for the property under its purview
Protects most of the nation’s historic icons
Agents known as commissioned park rangers
2008 report by Inspector General
Agency is understaffed
Important sites are weakly guarded 1-

14. Federal Law Enforcement
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Army’s Criminal Investigation Division (CID)
Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCID)
Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI)
U.S. POSTAL SERVICE
OTHER FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
JOINT FEDERAL AND LOCAL TASK FORCE APPROACH TO LAW ENFORCEMENT 1-

15. International Police OVERVIEW Interpol Worldwide organization
Established for cooperation among nations
Founded in 1923
United States became a member in 1938
Interpol’s main function is informational
Headquarters are in France 1-

16. Summary
Local, state, and federal criminal justice agencies employed about 2.4 million people
Law enforcement is primarily the responsibility of local governments
The United States does not have a national police force, unlike most other countries
The U.S. law enforcement industry is enormous in both size and scope
Local, state, and private agencies also reengineered themselves to address the need for homeland defense 1-