1. Maria J. G. Borge PH-Dept, CERN
Highlights of the ISOLDE Facility and the HIE ISOLDE Project
Maria J. G. Borge
PH-Dept, CERN

2. ISOLDE Facility PSB upgrade (2018) intensity (2uA -> 6uA )
ISOLDE is the CERN radioactive beam facility
Nuclei produced via reactions of high intensity high energy proton beam with thick targets.
Provides low energy or post-accelerated exotic beams
targets
HIE-ISOLDE
intensity (2uA -> 6uA )
energy (1.4 -> 2GeV)
PSB upgrade (2018)

3. Produced Nuclei: ISOLDE 45y Experience
Over 20 target materials (carbides, oxides, solid metals, molten metals and molten salts) and ionizers, depending on beam of interest operated at high temperature
3 types of Ion-sources: Surface, Plasma, laser
> 1300 nuclides of over 70 chemical elements produced
Target p+ p+
ISOLDE today offers the largest range of available isotopes of any ISOL facility worldwide.

4. ISOLDE: Research with Radiactive Nuclei
Nuclear physics
and
atomic physics
Material science and
life sciences
Fundamental interactions
Nuclear astrophysics
neutrons
protons
Techniques: all available at ISOLDE
Laser spectro-scopy
Beta-detected NMR
Ion traps
Decay spectro-scopy
Coulomb excitation
Nucleon-transfer reactions
half-life
mass
e-m moments
Transition probability
radius
Spin, parity
decay pattern

5. Experimental hall (2012) HIE-ISOLDE Beams of 30-60 keV
Beams of 3 MeV/u
Decay spectroscopy
Coulomb excitation
Transfer reactions
Laser spectroscopy
Beta-NMR
Penning traps
Applications:
Solide state
Life Science
Target stations
HRS & GPS
Mass-sep.
HRS
ISCOOL
RILIS
REX-ISOLDE
PS-Booster
1.4 GeV protons
3×1013 ppp
ISOLTRAP
CRIS
COLLAPS
NICOLE
MINIBALL and T-REX
WITCH
Travelling setups
ASPIC
Collection points
HIE-ISOLDE
TAS
IDS

6. Masses & New Magic Numbers
MAtom = N•mneutron + Z•mproton + Z•melectron - (Batom + Bnucleus)/c2
51,52Ca
53,54Ca
Nature. 498 (2013)346
δm/m < 10-10
δm/m = 10-6 – 10-8 B
N = 28 N Mágico
5 cm
N = 32 No Mágico
The free cyclotron frequency is inverse
proportional to the mass of the ions!
S2n = Bnucl(Z,N) – Bnucl(Z,N-2)
Test of Nuclear Forces!
Talk´s of M. Block,
A. Bracco

7. Laser spectroscopy
Probe the hyperfine structure of the energy levels of the electron
Scan the laser frequency of the resonant transition
Nuclear observables extracted with model-independence: Ex GS
Magnetic dipole
moment
Electric quadrupole
moment
Nuclear
spin
Change in mean square charge radii

8. Recent ISOLDE Results (4/2015)
Expertise
Target+Ion source+RILIS
Beam manipulation with MR-ToF
Leading to high mass separation
Decay spectroscopy
Exp Hyperfine interactions
Nuclear Structure Au
Using the RILIS lasers to measure the hyperfine structure of astatine isotopes
Two different techniques
Alpha spectroscopy using the Windmill setup
Selective single ion counting using MR-ToF MS of the ISOLTRAP setu
Odd even stagering in the neutron deficient nuclei reduced to the mid-shell region.
As predicted it becomes spherical afterwrads
The deformed Au isotopes are symetric about mid-shell N=104
Return to sphericity in 179Au
Stagering in 178Au
Bonn et al., PLB38 (1972) 308
Ulm et al., Z Physik A 325 (1986) 247

9. Post-accelerator: REX-ISOLDE
REX-ISOLDE started in 2001
> 100 different beams
Total efficiency : %
1+ to A/Q = 2 – 4.5
Primary target
Protons
from PS
ISOLDE
Ions are cold in the large aceptance rex-trap to effectively enter in the Electron beam ion source that produce a charge breeding between 3 al 4.5. last year the A/Q ratio 2 was successfully proved.
The 4-rod-RFQ is designed to accelerate radioactive ions with a charge-to-mass ratio larger than 1/4.5 from 5 keV/u to 300 keV/u . The RF Quadrupole field provides transverse focusing for the low energy ions while a modulation of the four rods performs a smooth bunching and acceleration of the injected 100 µs bunch.
The IH-Structure (IHS) [8] is a compact cavity containing separated regions of acceleration and focusing, including a triplet of quadrupoles and a section of drift tubes operating as a re-buncher, boosting the beam from 0.3 MeV/u to an energy value between 1.1 and 1.2 MeV/u, by providing an effective voltage of up to 4.2 MV. The whole structure has 20 gaps and a total length of 1.5 m.

10. Physics program @ REX Higher Coulex Cross section
Coulomb excitation with Miniball:
collectivity versus individual nucleon behaviour
184,186,188Hg
Probing shape coexistence 20 40 82 50
222,224Ra; 220,222Rn
Probing Pear Shape
Gaffney Nature 2013 82
Higher Coulex Cross section
Need to go to 5 MeV/u
Multi-step Coulex
110Sn; Cederkäll, PRL 2007
106,108Sn, Cederkäll, PRL 2008 50
122,124,126Cd
138,140,142,144Xe
140,148,150Ba
Evolution of collectivity around 132 Sn
70Se, shape coexistence, Hurst PRL 2007
96Sr, 88Kr, 92Kr, PRL 2012 28
67,69,71,73Cu, Stefanescu et al., PRL 2008
68,70Cu, isomeric 68Cu, Stefanescu , PRL 2007
74,76,78,80Zn
Probing large scale shell model, Van der Walle, PRL2007
30,31,32Mg, Niedermaier PRL2005, H. Scheit 20

11. Transfer Reactions @ REX
30Mg(t,p)32Mg (N=20)
Few-nucleon transfer reaction studies:
single-particle properties
halo and cluster structures 20 40 82 50 82
Need to go to 10 MeV/u
Transfer reaction studies 50
t(72Zn,p)73Zn Hellgartner
t(44Ar,p)46Ar Nowak
d(66Ni,p)67Ni Diriken
t(66Ni,p) 68Ni Elseviers
d(78Zn,p)79Zn Orlandi 28
d(30Mg,p)31Mg, K. Wimmer, PRL 2010
Light nuclei, halos & clusters
d(8Li,p)9Li*; Tengborn PRC (2011) d(9Li,p)10Li
d(11Be,p)12Be Johansen PRC (2013) 20

12. The HIE-ISOLDE project
Energy: 4.5 – 10 MeV/u
Intensity: x10 in power
Beam Quality
Higher Energy
2015
Purity & Beam Quality
The HIE-ISOLDE (High
Intensity and Energy) project will provide major improvements in energy
range, beam intensity and beam quality. A major element of the project will
be an increase of the nal energy of the post-accelerated beams to 10 MeV/u
throughout the periodic table. The rst stage will boost the energy of the
current REX LINAC to 5.5 MeV/u where the multistep Coulomb excitation
cross sections are strongly increased with respect to the previous 3 MeV/u
and many transfer reaction channels will be opened. The construction of
the Linac is underway and the full physics program with post accelerated
beams up to 5.5 MeV/u will start in 2016.
Higher Intensity
2020
ISOLDE

13. High Energy Increase HIE-ISOLDE
5.5 MeV/u
A/Q = 4.5
10 MeV/u
A/Q = 4.5

14. High Energy Upgrade
Procurement for elements of HIE-ISOLDE phase II started !
REX
3MeV/u
phases
wk 18/2015
Wk 48/2015
5.5 MeV/u I
10 MeV/u
wk 02/2017
wk 02/2017
10 MeV/u II
0.3 – 10 MeV/u
III
Phase II is in MTP; money from collaboration also firmly committed.
Phase III also in MTP but w/o funding; low-beta CM will require subtantial design, and low-beta cavities subtantial R&D
Aim is to use present momentum, use existing options (as far as possible), and not spend much extra effort and time in looping around with other suppliers.
Legend:

15. First Cryomodule in place for 4.3 MeV/u
2nd of May 2015
0.5 km/h

16. Installation Cryomodule
27th of May DG Visit to ISOLDE
2nd May 2015
Cold to 4K
Commissioning
July-Sept 2015

17. HEBT installation May 2015 June 2015
XT01
XT02
XT03
XT03:
No elements but full infrastructure in place
May 2015
S. Maridor
XT01 HW done. Alignment done. Hall probes & field regulation racks to be installed .
XT00/02: dipoles arrival end May.Finish installation End of June 2015.
XT03 will be kept with complete infrastructure but without elements.
XT02

18. Physics @ HIE-ISOLDE Isospin symmetry
28 experiments already approved
600 shifts already allocated for day 1 physics
Isospin symmetry
Collectivity versus Single Particle
Magic numbers far from stability
Shape Coexistence
Quadropole and octupole degrees of freedom

19. Instrumentation Miniball + T-REX (upgrade planned) : COULEX + Transfer
Approved
Miniball + T-REX (upgrade planned) :
COULEX + Transfer
Multipurpose reaction chamber
CORSET chamber for fusion-fission reactions
SPEDE: added to Miniball+T-REX
Helios type Spectrometer (Hall TSR)
MAYA/ACTAR: resonant scattering + transfer
Zero type spectrometer
TSR storage ring 22 2 1 2 1
gas volume
incoming beam
electric field
segmented plane
amplification zone
magnetic field

20. First planned experiments @ HIE-ISOLDE
Beam line XT01
Collectivity versus Single Particle in Zn region
Shape Coexistence in the lead region
182,184Hg, 186,188Pb
protons
Beam Line XT02: Reaction experiment
-Use of Stripper foils (12C,180)
Supression 10-5 – 10-6
9Li(t,p)
A/q = 3
Explore dipole resonances in 11LI
neutrons

21. Evolution of collectivity around N=40 and N=50
protons
neutrons
j> = l+1/2
j> = l’+1/2
j< = l’-1/2
g9/2
f7/2
f5/2
N = 50
N = 40
N=40
Monopole migration of proton single particle
states; collective states and proton intruder
states in the n-rich Cu
Beta decay studies (S. Franchoo,PRL81 (1998));
Laser spectroscopy (K. Flanagan,PRL103 (2009));
Coulomb excitation (I. Stefanescu,PRL100 (2008))
Low-lying proton and neutron intruder states
in and around 68Ni
(D. Pauwels, PRC78 (2008) & C 82, (2010)
Swift onset of deformation below Z=28
(Fe: W. Rother PRL106 (2011); Cr: A. Gade PRC81 (2010))
Restored N=50 shell at 80Zn:Coulomb excitation
(J. Van de Walle, PRL99 (2007) )
Z=28
Colored boxes: nuclei studied by Coulex at REX-ISOLDE in different experimental campaigns
Transfer reactions
78Zn(d,p) 79Zn
 66Ni,(t,p) 68Ni
66Ni(d,p)67Ni
72Ni,(t,p) 74Ni
Coulomb excitation experiments
even-mass 74-80Zn, odd-mass 67-75Cu, even-mass 68-72Cu Isomeric beams
Single particle energies: location of the orbital above the Z=28 and N=40, N=50 gaps;
New and extensive spectroscopic information on 67Ni, 68Ni, 69Zn, 70Zn to serve as benchmarks for new Shell Model calculations using different interactions;
B(E2) to probe collectivity versus single-particle character of the excited state
56Ni
68Ni
What is the nature of the N=40 shell closure?
How large is the N=50 shell gap at 78Ni?
What does the effective proton-neutron interaction look like ?

22. Previous Measurements of Zn Isotopes2+
Maximum collectivity at 74Zn
Agreement between previous results from Miniball and AGATA [PRC87 (2013) ]
Large disagreement for 74Zn B(E2)
The reduced value for 74Zn is not predicted by any model.
Remeasure the half-life of 4+ state is needed.

23. Coulomb Excitation 74-80Zn @ 4.5 MeV/u
Measure B(E2: 4+2+) and B(E2: 6+4+)
Clarify discrepancies with half-lifes measurements
Observation of 4+ in 80Zn
Identification of non Yrast states

24. IS561: Coulomb excitation of (186),188Pb
Region of shape coexistence
Deduce level scheme of Argonne (Dracoulis Phys. Rev C 67, (R) 2003)
The partial level scheme of 188Pb is shown here, including isomeric states that are associated with three different states. This is from gammasphere data by Dracoulis et al. By means of missing gamma-ray analysis, they extracted enhanced E0 components for the interband transitions between states with same spin and parity. E0 do not only help with spin assignments, but also carry out information of mixing.
From Janne Pakarinen

25. Aim of the IS561 Experiment: 188Pb
Directly measure shapes of the “bandhead” 2+ states
Probe collectivity of bands associated different shapes
Determine the long time discrepancy of the position of the 0+ states
Investigate mixing via measurement of the E0 transitions

26. Thanks for your attention !
Conclusions
Plenty of challenging physics at ISOLDE, and many cases waiting for the starting of HIE-ISOLDE!
Many new devices and groups have been attracted by the increase of energy of the post-accelerated beams.
HIE-ISOLDE Phase 1: Start of the 4.3 MeV/u, physics program in autumn Reaching 5.5 MeV/u in Spring next year.
We have identified the experiments that could be done in the 4 weeks of physics expected in 2015.
The nuclear physics community is expecting that CERN will provide this facility on time.
Thanks for your attention !