1. Acid-Base Reactions
SNC2D

2. pH Scale We use this scale to measure the strength of an acid or base.
pH refers to the power of Hydrogen.
pH is defined as the –log [H+], a logarithmic scale
A change of 1 on the scale means a 10x increase in H+ concentration
A pH of 5 is 10x more acidic than a pH of 6

3. Neutralization
The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (H2O) and an ionic compound known as a salt, which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.

4. Neutralization
The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (H2O) and an ionic compound known as a salt, which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.
Example
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide 

5. Neutralization
The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (H2O) and an ionic compound known as a salt, which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.
Example
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  water + sodium chloride

6. Neutralization
The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (H2O) and an ionic compound known as a salt, which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.
Example
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  water + sodium chloride
HCl(aq) NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

7. Neutralization
This ________________ reaction is also known as a ___________ because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).

8. Neutralization
This double displacement reaction is also known as a ___________ because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).

9. Neutralization
This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).

10. Neutralization
This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).

11. Neutralization
This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).
Another Example
sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide 

12. Neutralization
This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).
Another Example
sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide  water + potassium sulphate

13. Neutralization
This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).
Another Example
sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide  water + potassium sulphate
H2SO4(aq) KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq)

14. Neutralization
This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).
Another Example
sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide  water + potassium sulphate
H2SO4(aq) KOH(aq)  2 H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq)

15. Neutralization
Some neutralization reactions will also produce carbon dioxide.
Example
hydrochloric acid + sodium bicarbonate 
water + sodium chloride + carbon dioxide
HCl + NaHCO3  H2O + NaCl + CO2

16. Neutralisation Reactions Review
Reaction between an acid and a base
Is a double displacement reaction
Acid + Base  Salt + Water
A salt is an ionic compound produced by the reaction of an acid or a base.

17. Example: e.g.HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaBr + H2O salt
Many different acids and bases mean many different salts.

18. Uses Neutralization reactions are useful on small scales,
e.g. the formic acid (HCOOH) in a beesting that attacks nerves in the skin can be neutralized with an ammonia-based cream

19. Uses and on large scales,
e.g. lime may be added to an acidified lake to raise its pH:
HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 

20. Uses and on large scales,
e.g. lime may be added to an acidified lake to raise its pH:
HNO3 + Ca(OH)2  Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

21. Uses and on large scales,
e.g. lime may be added to an acidified lake to raise its pH:
2 HNO3 + Ca(OH)2  Ca(NO3)2 + 2 H2O

22. Key Concepts: Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Acid Base
Ionization in water
undergo
produce
produce
Neutralization
gives
H + ions
OH- ions
to form
OH- H+
100%
Small %
Salt
&
100%
Small %
product
Water
[H+] x [OH-]
Strong acid
Weak acid
Strong base
Weak base is pH