1. The Brain
And It’s Organization

2. Brain Regions
Cerebrum- largest region covered by neural cortex (superficial layer of grey matter)
Cerebellum-2nd largest part of the brain also covered by a superficial layer of grey matter

3. Cerebrum- Functions as an information interpreter that takes and analyzes data received from the body
Cerebellum- learns movements from birth and helps influence balance and coordination.

4. Brain Regions
Diencephalon- area within the hemisphere of the cerebrum that contains
Thalamus- contains relays and processing centers for sensory information
Hypothalamus-contains centers involved with emotion, autonomic function and hormone production.
Pituitary- works with the hypothalamus and endocrine system

5. Brain Regions
Mesencephalon- also called the midbrain, processes visual and auditory information and controls reflexes for these stimuli.
Pons-means bridge and it connects the cerebellum to the brain stem
Medulla oblongata- relays sensory information to areas of the brain, while also regulating heart rate, blood pressure and digestion

6. Cerebral Areas Frontal Lobe- voluntary control of skeletal muscles.
Parietal Lobe- touch, pressure, vibrations, taste and temperature perception.
Occipital Lobe- conscious perception of visual stimuli.
Temporal Lobe- conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli.

8. Cerebral Areas Sulcus- deep grooves that separate lobes
Central sulcus- separates frontal from parietal
Lateral sulcus- separates frontal from temporal
Parieto-Occipital sulcus- separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe

10. Cerebral Areas
Gyrus- area for reporting information and responding to stimuli with a specific contraction
Pre-central gyrus- forms an anterior border to the central sulcus, also called the primary motor cortex, and works like a piano key that produces a specific sound when struck. It will stimulate a specific motor neuron to produce a specific contraction to a skeletal muscle.

11. Cerebral Areas
Post-central gyrus- forms a posterior border to the central sulcus and works like a gauge that reports back information. This gauge or primary sensory cortex receives conscious information from the body for touch, pain, vibration, taste or temperature. Of course the thalamus must fire this information to the sensory cortex in order for us to be aware of the stimuli.

12. Primary sensory cortex
Primary Motor Cortex
Primary sensory cortex

14. Cerebral Areas Visual Cortex- reports information for the eyes.
Auditory cortex- ears/hearing
Olfactory- Nose/Smell
Gustatory- Mouth, tongue, pharynx/taste

16. Association Areas
Coordinate responses for motor actions to sensory receptions from each cerebral cortex.
Somatic sensory- allows you to respond to a recognized touch, sound, taste, sight etc.
Ex- Mosquito lands on your arm and you have the sense to hit it before it bites you

17. Association Areas
Other areas of association are auditory and visual, which allow you to make conscious responses that are stimulated within these areas
Somatic Motor- also called a Premotor cortex, which takes stimulations from various areas of the brain and applies the stimulus to learned movements for a smooth and controlled action. It will not work without information from neuron stimulation in other parts of the cerebrum.

18. White Matter of the Cerebrum
Association Fibers- interconnect areas of the neural cortex within a cerebral hemisphere.
Arcuate Fibers- curve to connect one gyrus to another.
Longitudinal Fibers- connect the frontal lobe to the rest of the lobes within a hemisphere
Commissural Fibers- connect the two hemispheres to one another.
Projection Fibers- link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord.