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Reference conditions Simulation selector Total ATP production:

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1 Reference conditions Simulation selector Total ATP production:
[43] [42] [41] [20] [21] [28] [27] [30] [26] [33] [34] [29] [9] [10] [12] [13] [11] [24] [19] [38] [25] HCO3- a-KA [15] Gln Glu a-KG NH4+ 2 ATP ADP+Pi NADPH NADP+ Asp OAA [1] [2] [3] AIR PRPP GLY ATP +PPi THF 10FTHF IMP AMP FUM [4] AA GTP GDP+Pi CBP Arg ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi [8] 2 ADP+Pi [7] R5P GDP ADP [36] [23] ADE H+ [44] [45] [46] NH3 [53] [52] [54] 2 H+ 3 H+ [55] IN OUT KMBA Met METHAL CO2 [5] [6] PYR Ser MAL PEP NADH NAD+ [22] SUCC H2O AcCoA G3P CoA FOR [17] [16] ACTP Pi [18] DHAP F6P DHA G6P Ru5P [31] Xu5P [32] [35] [47] [51] HCYS AHCYS AI-2 aMet Pi+PPi [37] [39] [40] MLTHF Gly PPi [14] [48] [49] [50] Reference conditions No Asp production No Arg production No Met production NH3 constrained as measured Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 0.0% Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production Switch

2 Free NH3 production Simulation selector Total ATP production:
[43] [42] [41] [20] [21] [28] [27] [30] [26] [33] [34] [29] [9] [10] [12] [13] [11] [24] [19] [38] [25] HCO3- a-KA [15] Gln Glu a-KG NH4+ 2 ATP ADP+Pi NADPH NADP+ Asp OAA [1] [2] [3] AIR PRPP GLY ATP +PPi THF 10FTHF IMP AMP FUM [4] AA GTP GDP+Pi CBP Arg ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi [8] 2 ADP+Pi [7] R5P GDP ADP [36] [23] ADE H+ [44] [45] [46] NH3 [53] [52] [54] 2 H+ 3 H+ [55] IN OUT KMBA Met METHAL CO2 [5] [6] PYR Ser MAL PEP NADH NAD+ [22] SUCC H2O AcCoA G3P CoA FOR [17] [16] ACTP Pi [18] DHAP F6P DHA G6P Ru5P [31] Xu5P [32] [35] [47] [51] HCYS AHCYS AI-2 aMet Pi+PPi [37] [39] [40] MLTHF Gly PPi [14] [48] [49] [50] Free NH3 production No Asp production No Arg production No Met production NH3 production unconstrained Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 4.9% Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production Switch

3 Free ILVFYW uptake Simulation selector Total ATP production:
PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free ILVFYW uptake No Asp production No Arg production No Met production NH3 constrained as measured ILVFYW uptake unconstrained NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 4.5% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

4 Free Arg production Simulation selector Total ATP production:
PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free Arg production No Asp production Arg production unconstrained No Met production NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 1.0% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

5 Free Arg and Asp production Simulation selector Total ATP production:
PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free Arg and Asp production Asp production unconstrained Arg production unconstrained No Met production NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 3.6% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

6 Free Asp production Simulation selector Total ATP production:
PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free Asp production Asp production unconstrained No Arg production No Met production NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 3.6% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

7 Free Asp and Met production Simulation selector Total ATP production:
PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free Asp and Met production Asp production unconstrained No Arg production Met production unconstrained NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 4.2% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

8 Free Arg and Met production Simulation selector Total ATP production:
PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free Arg and Met production No Asp production Arg production unconstrained Met production unconstrained NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 1.8% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

9 Free Asp, Arg, and Met production Simulation selector
ATP PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free Asp, Arg, and Met production Asp production unconstrained Arg production unconstrained Met production unconstrained NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 4.2% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

10 Free Met production Simulation selector Total ATP production:
PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Free Met production No Asp production No Arg production Met production unconstrained NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 1.1% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

11 Retentostat conditions
ATP PPi PRPP [7] ADP AMP ADE [13] [14] FUM ATP ADP CBP 2 ADP+Pi 10FTHF GDP+Pi Asp Asp 2 ATP GDP GTP [12] ADP+Pi FOR [11] IMP [8] FUM NADPH THF FUM [42] [43] Retentostat conditions Asp constrained as measured Arg constrained as measured Met constrained as measured NH3 constrained as measured NADPH ATP 10FTHF Asp NADP+ ADP+Pi NADP+ HCO3- [10] ATP a-KA AA METHAL 2 ATP Ser Gly AIR CO2 [4] ADP+AMP +2 Pi+PPi ADP+Pi +PPi [6] THF MLTHF [41] OAA Arg ATP Glu Asp [40] THF KMBA [3] AI-2 [9] [5] NADPH NADP+ 10FTHF ATP NADP+ HCYS ATP AMP ADP+Pi NADPH Pi+PPi GLY Met [15] NH4+ ADE aMet R5P PRPP Gln [1] [2] a-KG [38] [39] CO2 [37] [36] Met [18] ACTP AcCoA [16] ATP NADH AHCYS CoA Pi NAD+ CoA Ser FOR [17] Simulation selector Reference conditions (no Arg, Asp, and Met production) Free Arg production Free Arg and Asp production Free uptake of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (ILVFYW) Free Asp production Free Asp and Met production Free Arg and Met production Free Arg, Asp, and Met production Free Met production Retentostat conditions Free NH3 production [33] NAD+ NADH H2O NAD+ NADH Xu5P ACTP [34] SUCC FUM MAL PYR NAD+ [30] ATP NADH R5P [35] [25] [24] [19] ATP DHA Pi Switch G3P Total ATP production: µmol gDW-1 h-1 ATP Gain (%): 1.7% CO2 [23] [20] ADP [32] [22] HCO3- NADP+ NADPH ADP+Pi CO2 [29] [28] [27] [26] NAD+ OAA PEP DHAP F6P G6P Ru5P [21] NADH [31] ADP+Pi ATP ADP ATP ADP+Pi ATP CO2 H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 2 H+ IN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ [52] ATP ADP+Pi [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [53] [55] OUT H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ ADE Asp Arg Met SUCC PYR DHA METHAL NH3 NH4+ 3 H+ [54]

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