1. Modals & Verb to Be in the past simple
Unit 6
Can you speak English?
Modals & Verb to Be in the past simple

2. Can and could are Auxiliary verbs, They
provide additional and specific meaning
to the verb or sometimes they help other verbs .
Could is the past form of can

3. They do not accept conjugation They do not need other auxiliary verbs
How do we use modals?
Example: Ali can drive .
Mary could play the piano yesterday. S
Subject V
Verb M
They do not accept conjugation
They do not need other auxiliary verbs

4. Form 1 - He can ski. He cans ski or He can skis .
2 - Could you come with me?
Do you could come with me?
3 - They can’t be serious.
They don’t can be serious.
There is no “s” in singular
There is no “do / does” in the question
There is no “don’t / doesn’t” in the negative

5. Form Modal verbs do not have infinitives or –ing forms
to can / caning to could / coulding 1) She can study. 2) We could have gone the other way. 3) He could play football in his youth.
Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to

6. Positive Sentence Negative Sentence Yes / No Question
I can read English.
[ He,She,It ] can play football.
[ They,You,We ] can speak English.
Negative Sentence
I can’t read English.
[ He,She,It ] can’t play football.
[ They,You,We ] can’t speak English.
Yes / No
Question
Can I read English? Yes, I can. No, I can’t
Can [ He,She,It ] play football? Yes, she can.
No, she can’t.
Can [ They,You,We ] speak English?
Yes, we can.
No, we can’t

7. Make WH Questions What can I do ? Where can he go ?
When can she speak?
How can we drive?

8. Positive Sentence Negative Sentence Yes / No Question
I could read English.
[ He,She,It ] could play football.
[ They,You,We ] could speak English.
Negative Sentence
I couldn’t read English.
[ He,She,It ] couldn’t play football.
[ They,You,We ] couldn’t speak English.
Yes / No
Question
Could I read English? Yes, I could.
No, I couldn’t.
Could [ He,She,It ] play football? Yes, she could.
No, she couldn’t.
Could [ They,You,We ] speak English?
Yes, we could.
No, we couldn’t.

9. Make WH Questions
What could I do ?
Where could he go ?
When could she speak?
How could we drive?

10. Verb to Be in the past simple
We use was and were when we talk about
something that has already happened.
Example :-
1 – I was at home yesterday.
2 – He was sick last Monday.
3 – We were in holiday for two weeks.

11. Use of Was We use was when we talk about one person or one thing .
Example :-
1 – Umar was sick yesterday.
2 – That book was very interesting.

12. Use of Were We use were when we talk about two or more
person or thing .
Example :-
1 – Umar and Fahad were happy last month.
2 – Those oranges were sour.

13. Fill in the blanks using was or were :
1 – It ………….. very hot yesterday .
2 – last year we ………………. in class 1.
3 – My friends ………………. making a kite.
4 – I …………… selected for the play.
5 – Layla …………….. not well yesterday.

14. I was sick. positive sentence I wasn't sick. Negative sentence
To make a sentence negative we just add not to was or
were.
I wasn't sick.
Negative sentence
To make Yes / No questions we just put was or were
at the beginning.
Was I sick ?
Question

15. Positive Sentence
[ He,she,It ] was happy.
[ You, We,They ] were smart.
Negative
Sentence
Questions ?
[ He,she,It ] wasn't happy.
[ You, We,They ] Weren’t smart.
Was [ he,she,It ] happy?
Were [ you,we,they ] sick?

16. Make WH Questions What was it ? Where was he born? When was I speak?
When were we drive?
Where were you born?