1. The Quest for Equality: The Black Freedom Movement
Robyn C. Spencer
Assistant Professor of History
Lehman College

2. Agenda Update on Archival Work (10 min)
Race, Reform and Rebellion (30 min)
Overview
Triple Entry Journal Group Work
New Directions in Teaching the Black Freedom Movement (60 min)
Classroom Strategies Overview (20 min)
Teaching Resources/Videoclips from Vital
Letter; music; debates

3. “No Justice, No Peace: African Americans Against Vietnam”
1. Read Newspapers at Local Libraries to collect data and ID relevant people/groups.
2. Visit Archives to follow up on leads and collect more data.
3. Begin Oral Interviews

4. Step one: Read newspapers

8. Step 2: Archives

9. Step 3: Identify Oral Interview Subjects
Elbert Howard

10. The Price Brothers

11. Emory Douglas

12. Elbert Howard
The Price Brothers

13. Emory Douglas

14. Race, Reform and Rebellion
Hope, Activism, Democracy
Violence, Economic Exploitation, Jim Crow
The persistent barrier of the color line

15. Triple Entry Notebook /Discussion
Statement
How you understand the idea
Surprises/Responses/Questions/Importance
Group Discussion: Break into small groups and each share one items from your list with your group members as a springboard to discuss the core concepts of the chapter. (25 minutes)

16. RETHINKING THE FAMILIAR
How can familiar stories of civil rights activism be complicated in order to reflect the latest historical scholarship?

17. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
Black Women’s Activism and The Roots of Protest
Women’s Political Council (1946)
Jo Ann Robinson
Claudette Colvin’s Arrest (15 years old)
March 2, 1955
Rosa Parks Arrest
December 1, 1955
WPC Mass Mobilization
The role of working class women

18. History of Activism
Rethinking an Icon
The Politics of Respectability

20. Duration: 381 Days
Cost: 65% of Bus Company’s business
Supreme Court Decision on November 13, 1956

21. COMPLICATING TIMELINES
How to counter the assumption that nonviolence was an unchallenged belief within the movement until the emergence of Black Power in 1966?
How to rethink the origins of the Black Power movement?

22. Robert Williams, 1957 Monroe, NC NAACP leader

23. Malcolm X: Origins of Black Power

24. Nation of Islam (NOI) Black Nationalist Ideology
Religious Interpretation
Appeal of NOI?
”Promise dignity, racial pride and hope”
Who was attracted to NOI and why?
Activities

25. Last Year of Malcolm X’s life
March 1964 Leave NOI
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Change name to El Hajj Malik El-Shabazz
New Political Direction
Organization Building
Muslim Mosque, Inc
OAAU
Tour of Africa
Assassination on February 21, 1965

26. RETHINKING LEADERSHIP
How to introduce alternatives to the charismatic male leader model?

27. ELLA BAKER: I have always felt it was a handicap for oppressed peoples to depend so largely upon a leader, because unfortunately in our culture, the charismatic leader usually becomes a leader because he has found a spot in the public limelight. . .

28. Baker’s Organizing Activities/Political Philosophy
“Strong people don’t need strong leaders.”
Young Negroes Cooperative League
1930
NAACP Field Secretary, ;1952
In Friendship, 1956
Southern Christian Leadership Conference,
1958-9
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 1960

29. Teaching Resources for Active Learning
Debates
Skits
Group Work
Active Reading