1. Contending Loyalties: Nationalist and Non-Nationalist
SOC 20
Textbook: Chapter 5
Answer questions on the slides using the textbook

2. What pops into your head when you hear the word:
Loyalty

3. Your Loyalties
Jot down 10 of your loyalties (people, or things…).

4. Costs of Loyalties But there are often expectations of loyalties.
What are the expectations for the loyalties shown here?
Member of a Volleyball Team
Member of a Church
What happens when loyalties fight with each other?

5. Nationalism & Loyalty
Nationalism requires that people feel a sense of loyalty, and commitment, to their nation (textbook g. 99)
Contending loyalties break the commitment and weaken a sense of nationalism
…BUT…
How deep should our
nationalism go?

6. Two Types of Contending Loyalties
Nationalist &
Nationalist
Nationalist &
Non-Nationalist
Some people see themselves as belonging multiple “nations”
Canada is called a Nation of Nations
Could there be conflict?
On the other hand, our national loyalties may conflict with our beliefs and other loyalties
Example: Canada’s legalization of gay marriage and our Christian beliefs

7. Two Types of Contending Loyalties
Thus people may find their loyalties in conflict for a variety of ways.
List, and describe two ways in which your loyalties are in conflict.

8. Contending Nationalist Loyalties
How are contending loyalties seen in Canada?
Each Canadian needs to find something of value in Canada – something they are loyal to
This varies from person to person
For many Canadians, their individual loyalties are stronger than their loyalty to Canada. This creates conflict.
Let’s see some examples of contending loyalties in Canada

9. French Canadian Loyalties
Often see loyalties to their:
Culture & Language
Province
Historic backgrounds
For example, many French Canadians identify with the fleur-de-lis, as a connection to France
Similarly, as we saw with the creation of Lower Canada, Francophones were given a homeland – foundation of Francophone nationalism

10. French Canadian Loyalties
Language Loyalties
What was Bill 101, and why was it implemented?
Why is it so divisive?
Sign: “In Quebec, French, and French only”

11. French Canadian Loyalties
Quebec Sovereignty
For some Quebecers, their Francophone loyalty is so strong that they wish to sever all ties with Canada
Who are the ADQ? What are their goals?
What ideas about reconciling Quebecois nationalist loyalties are proposed by the ADQ?

12. First Nations Loyalties
Canada’s First Nations have deep loyalties to their own nation, which causes tension with their loyalties to Canada
Case Study: The Meech Lake Accord
In 1981, Prime Minister Trudeau was finalizing the patriation of Canada’s Constitution
This would put the Constitution in Canada’s control, not Great Britain’s
Quebecers opposed the move, but it was completed anyways in 1982

13. First Nations Loyalties
Quebec did, however, have several demands, so a modification to Canada’s brand new Constitution was developed in 1987: The Meech Lake Accord
Modifications:
Recognition of Quebec as a ‘distinct society’
Constitutional veto for all provinces
Increased provincial powers with respect to immigration
Provincial ability to opt out of federal programs
Provincial input into the appointment of Senators and Supreme Court judges

14. First Nations Loyalties
The accord was set to be passed very quickly, but in Manitoba, many of the First Nations were displeased that their needs and desires were not consulted in the planning of the Meech Lake Accord
An aboriginal member of Manitoba’s assembly raised his Eagle feather in opposition to the accord – this prevented it from passing
A unanimous vote was needed
The First Nations had expressed their insistence that their needs be met

15. First Nations Loyalties
The death of the Meech Lake Accord is a landmark for both Quebecois and First Nations Nationalism
“…English Canada must clearly understand that no matter what is said or done, Quebec is, today and forever, a distinct society, that is free and able to assume the control of its destiny and development.” – Robert Bourassa

16. First Nations Loyalties
Explain why the Inuit opposed Uranium Mining.
How is this an example of contending loyalties for the Inuit?

17. First Nations Loyalties
While many First Nations are loyal to Canada, others have been unable to reconcile their loyalties
First nations seek to reconcile their loyalties by
Government action
Protests & Petitions
Legal mediation

18. First Nations Loyalties
Has Canada earned the loyalty of Aboriginal people? Can Aboriginal people feel a loyalty both to Canada and to their aboriginal nations?
First Nations Loyalties
Answer the following questions. Be detailed.
Include at least three distinct arguments / ideas for each

19. Nationalist and Non-Nationalist Loyalties

20. Nation & Religion
Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms enables all Canadians to challenge laws if they believe their religious rights have been infringed upon.
The Hutterites in Alberta did exactly that.
Why did the Hutterites oppose having their picture taken?
How did this cause tension with their loyalty to Canada?
How was the issue resolved?

21. Nation & Religion
Other religious groups have certain regulations that many Canadians would disagree with
For example, all Sikhs are required to be armed at all times to protect themselves.
When Sikhism began, their members were hunted

22. Nation & Geography
Think about your ties to a region. What would you identify as your region, and how strongly are you and the people around you attached to it?
Do your regional loyalties contend with other loyalties you have?

23. Nation & Global
Many people feel a connection to the wider world beyond their nation
This is called Internationalism
Read about the four organizations below, and identify how they act globally
Oxfam International
Doctors Without Borders
Greenpeace
World Wildlife Fund

24. Nation & Beliefs
Occasionally, our fundamental beliefs may conflict with the choices our nation makes. E.g.:
Humanitarianism – the belief that all human beings deserve to be treated with respect and dignity
How do people who believe in this principle react when their country enters a military conflict? Can they support it? How should they respond?
How will they be treated by their neighbours, because of the beliefs they hold?

25. Connection to the 20th Century
We will discover that many of the major conflicts of the 20th century are rooted in contending loyalties
We will also discover that these conflicts are based on national interest – when nations look out for themselves