1. Medical Careers Eden Area ROP
Respiratory System
Medical Careers
Eden Area ROP

2. Functions Air exchange Filtration Oxygen carried to tissues
Carbon dioxide carried out of body
Filtration
Cilia: small hairs line respiratory tract and trap substances that enter

3. Functions Sound production: Sense of smell:
Enhances sound produces during speech
Sense of smell:
Receptors in the nose

4. Respiration 1 inhalation + 1 exhalation = respiration
Inspiration/inhalation: breathing in oxygen
Expiration/exhalation: breathing out carbon dioxide

5. Types of Respiration External respiration (Pulmonary):
Process of getting oxygen to the capillaries in lungs and getting rid of carbon dioxide from capillaries in lungs
Internal respiration:
Oxygen rich blood travels from the capillaries in the lungs to all areas of the body.
Carbon dioxide travels through the blood to the capillaries in the lungs to be removed.

6. Where air enters/exits
Nose:
Mucus warms and moisturizes
air
Cilia filters air as it enters
Mouth:
Where air enters when nasal passage is blocked

7. Structures of respiratory tract
Pharynx: throat
Epiglottis: flap-like structure that covers trachea when we swallow to prevent food/liquid from entering lungs

8. Structures of respiratory tract
Larynx: voicebox
Triangular chamber located below
epiglottis that includes vocal cords and produces speech.

9. Trachea
Windpipe
Extends from the neck into the chest, directly in front of the esophagus
Held open by C-shaped cartilage rings

10. Bronchi and Bronchioles
The lower end of the trachea divides into two bronchi (tubes) that carry air into the lungs. One bronchus goes to the left lung, the other to the right lung.
Bronchioles: The smallest branches of the bronchi

11. The “bronchial tree”
The respiratory system structures are called the bronchial tree because they resemble an upside-down tree.
Contained in the lungs

12. Alveoli
Microscopic grape-like cluster of air sacs at the end of each bronchiole.
Approximately 500 million in human body
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place here

13. Diaphragm Flat muscle that lies under the lungs
Contracts= flattens; pulls air into lungs
Relaxes=increases in size; pushes air out of lungs
Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

14. Lungs
Organ that surrounds the bronchial tree and is filled with alveoli
right lung: 3 sections (lobes)
Left lung: 2 sections (lobes) and cardiac notch (where heart sits)

15. Pleura Thin membranes that cover lungs and thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura: covers lungs
Parietal pleura: covers thoracic cavity
Pleural space: airtight space between the two membranes that contains a lubricating fluid.

16. Conditions
Asthma: chronic allergic disorder causing severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing
Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial walls
Pneumonia: inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli; alveoli fill with fluid

17. Conditions
Croup: acute viral infection characterized by a barking cough
Cyanosis: bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood

18. Conditions
Emphysema: progressive loss of lung function due to decrease number of alveoli and loss of elasticity of remaining alveoli

19. Emphysema

20. Conditions
Lung Cancer: Growth of malignant cells in the lungs that destroy healthy tissue