1. Review Unit One
AP World History

2. Paleolithic vs Neolithic
Hunter Gatherer
Agriculture
-Hunter gather
-Women role very important
-Everybody required
-Small bands, authority based on family
-Belief in many spirits, not formal religion
-Migrations
-Africa out to middle east, Europe, Asia
-Asia to America (land bridge)
-Domesticate animals and develop agriculture
-Increase reliable foods supplies
-Less nutritious b/c most people each only one or two staples
-Stay put
-Allow more people to do other stuff- i.e. job specialization
-Gender differences
-Huge population growth

3. River Valley Civilizations Basic characteristics
Location in river valleys - WHY?
Complex irrigation
Development of legal codes
System of writing
Use of money (as apposed to barter)
Number systems, calendars
Social inequality: classes
Patriarchal

4. Early River Valley Civilizations
Mesopotamia: cuneiform, powerful kings in city-states, Hammurabi’s code of law, job specialization, merchant class important
Egypt: hieroglyphics, pharaoh as god, centralized, extensive bureaucracy, fewer merchants, priests have high status
Green- Mesopotamia
Red-Egypt
Blue-Indus
Pink-Shang
Gray-Mesoamerica

5. Early River Valley Civilizations
Indus: complex, centralized, limited information known about them, priests high status
Shang: (Huang He) writing highly valued, geographic separation from others, centralized power in hands of emperor, job specialization

6. Development of trade routes
Silk Road (blue)
Indian Ocean (green)
Sub-Saharan (red)

7. Classical Civilizations: Basic Characteristics
Patriarchal
Agriculture Based
Complex gov’t, Larger areas
Expanded trading

8. Classical Civilizations: Greece
1st Democracy - in which city??
Polytheist
Divided into city-states (not centralized)
Slavery widely practiced
Strong military
Alexander the Great: Hellenistic age
Conquered by Romans

9. Classical Civilizations: Rome
For the most part conquer but don’t oppress
Impressive roman law code
Basic social divisions: patricians-aristocrats and plebeians-free farmers
Dependence on slavery
Two eras:
Republic: rule by aristocrats, Senate
Empire: non-hereditary emperor

10. Classical Civilizations: China
Highly patriarchal, social divide urban/rural, silk road develops but merchants low class, bureaucracy, wealth based on land ownership
Zhou: slowly deteriorated; Period of Warring States, Confucianism developed to organize
Qin: very harsh, Legalism, construction of Great wall; Shi Huangdi
Han: strong centralized gov’t, great influence of Confucian, scholar-gentry

11. Classical Civilizations: India
Invaded by Aryans
Hinduism based on books Vedas
Caste System- much harsher, rigid than other class systems at the time
Connections to Silk Road and Indian ocean trade
Lack of political unity; easily invaded; hard to conquer and unite small kingdoms; tends not to be centralized or unified
Mauryan: Buddhist, bureaucratic, public works ; decline b/c land returned to locals
Gupta: Hinduism, allow local control and administration not bureaucratic; fall to invaders, rule returned to locals

12. Classical Civilizations: The Fall
Similarities:
Attacks from Huns
Deterioration of political institutions
Protection maintenance of borders- costly, ineffective
Disease followed trade routes
Trouble collecting taxes, controlling landowners
Differences:
India regional gov’t broke apart
Rome gradual, east stayed up (Byzantine)
Order least impact to greatest:
India: still had caste system, regional gov’t
China: Confucian tradition, problems w/ central power gone
Rome: civilization depended on gov’t to keep together, organized

13. Common results for fall
Disruption of trade
Reliance on religion to organize people
Spread of Buddhism, Christianity and Islam
Political disunity
Feudal societies develop