Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Industrial Revolution
2
Industrial Revolution
Increased output of machine-made goods Began in England during the 18th century Machines begin to do the work
3
Why Great Britain Agrarian Revolution 1700s – farming got better
Expansion of land Good weather Improved transportation New crops Increased food supply
4
Jethro Tull Invents seed drill in 1701
Sowing seed by scattering was wasteful Drill spaces seeds at specific depths More seeds take root = more crops
5
Crop Rotation Plant different crop in a field in different years
Improves on three-field system Replenishes nutrients
6
Livestock breeders Robert Bakewell only allows best sheep to breed
Avg weight of lambs increases
7
2. Population growth More food = more people More people = more food
8
Enclosure Movement Fenced-off lands Larger more efficient farms More crops People moved to towns Labor force for factories
10
Ready supply of capital
3. $$$$$$$$ Ready supply of capital Invest in new machines and factories
11
4. Natural Resources Rivers - TRANSPORTATION Coal - FUEL Iron - MANUFACTURING Ports - TRADE Population – WORKERS Navy - PROTECTION
13
Demand at home increased
5. Markets Places to sell goods Colonial empire Shipping Demand at home increased b/c of population growth Cheaper food Higher demand for cotton
14
6. Political stability as an advantage
No wars on British soil Positive attitude from military success Parliament protects business Pass laws to encourage and protect business ventures
15
Cotton Production Cottage industry
Spinners make cotton thread from raw cotton Done in a persons rural cottage or home Wove cotton thread into cloth on looms Competed w/India
17
Technological Advancements
Flying shuttle Made weaving faster Spinning jenny James Hargreaves Made thread faster Water loom Edwin Cartwright
21
1782 – engine used to drive machines Cotton mills use steam engines
James Watt 1782 – engine used to drive machines Cotton mills use steam engines Didn’t need to be near water Increased production of cotton cloth in GB Sold all over the world Competed with other nations
24
Coal and Iron Industries
Success of steam engine meant more coal needed Expanse of coal mining Puddling New process of purifying iron ore Led to production of higher quality iron GB produced more iron than the rest of the world combined by 1852
25
Railroads 18th century – more efficient means of moving goods developed Railroads Linked manufacturing cities with ports Manchester to Liverpool Created new jobs for farm laborers and peasants
26
Less expensive transport meant cheaper goods
Created larger markets More goods sold = more need for goods More factories and machinery
27
New Factories More and newer factories meant new labor system
$ = wealth - More money the better Only make money when factories are open People work in shifts Need more workers Came from the rural areas
28
Working Conditions Owners want to keep factories open
hrs a day/6 days a week Same work week after week, year after year No minimum wage New dangers Dark, dirty factories Dangerous machines No workers compensation
30
Women and children work in factories
Carry-over from cottage industry Family worked together
37
Social Impact of Industrialization
Population and Urban Growth Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class Early Socialism
38
Population and Urban Growth
Decline in death rates led to population explosion Less frequent wars and epidemics Increase in food supply
39
Famine and poverty led to immigration
Irish to America Enclosure laws and industrialization increased urbanization Growth of cities
40
Industrial Cities Rise
After 1800, most Europeans live in cities Urbanization City building and movement of people to cities Caused by growth of factory system Cities triple or quadruple in size Factories develop in clusters Built near sources of energy – water and coal
41
Living Conditions in Cities
Cities in England have problems Lack adequate housing, education, police Unpaved streets – no drainage, garbage piles up Overcrowded bedrooms for workers Widespread sickness
42
Class Tensions Grow Industrialization creates lots of $
Merchants and factory owners live good lives Big homes in the suburbs
43
Industrial Middle Class
Social class of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy farmers Landowners look down on middle class as “vulgar” Larger middle class emerges – gov’t employees, doctors, lawyers, managers Lower middle class – factory overseers, skilled workers
44
Positive Effects of Industrialization
Created jobs Contributes to wealth of the nation Increased production of goods Raised standard of living Healthier diets Better housing Cheaper clothing Expanded educational opportunities
Similar presentations
