1. Marx and Socialism Hobbes Rousseau
People are basically selfish and violent. The State of nature would be nasty, brutal, and filled with conflict
Rousseau
People are basically cooperative. Civilization – with its “haves” and “have nots” – has created violence, greed, and conflict. The state of nature was a peaceful world where we shared all things.

2. Rousseau vs Locke
Private Property is essential. Government exits primarily in order to protect it .
Private Property is the very root of all evil

3. Capitalism
A system in which a some people privately own the means of production, while others work for them. The workers are paid a small percentage of the owner’s profits, called a wage.

4. Libertarians and Capitalism
Everything that possibly can be privatized should be privatized.
Markets should have the absolute minimum of Government oversight and regulation (laissez faire)

5. Socialism
A system in which there is only public and never private ownership of the means of production.
Communism goes further in advocating the abolition of all private property

6. Marxism
Karl Marx
Class Conflict – A ruling class harmfully controls a ruled class
Oppression – A moral, political, social and economic system in which some groups are held down so others can benefit
Exploitation – treating people like things
Alienation – When an oppressed group does not seem themselves authentically, but as the oppressor defines them

7. More Marx
Materialism – The means of running the economy determine the structure of social relationships, which always results in a conflict between two classes, making the decisive conflict of every age “class struggle.
History of Class struggle: a) the primitive communal society (remember Rousseau!), b) the slave society, c) the feudal society, d) the capitalist society, e) the communist society that is yet to come.
Capitalist class struggle: The Bourgeois, who owns the means of production, and the proletariat who works for the Bourgeois.

8. The World Marx wanted Abolish all private property
A heavy tax on income of the wealthy
Abolition of all inheritance
Nationalization of the banks
All means of production publicly owned (run by the state)
Free education for all children.
Abolition of child labor
Socialists would agree with 2, 5, 6 &7; but, they would not require 1, 3, or 4.

9. Marx vs the Progressives
Abolish all private property
A heavy tax on income of the wealthy
Abolition of all inheritance
Nationalization of the banks
All means of production publicly owned (run by the state)
Free education for all children.
Abolition of child labor
Progressives
Keep private property
A heavy tax on the income of the wealthy
Keep inheritance, but tax very wealthy inheritance heavily (estate tax)
Carefully regulate the banks, but don’t nationalize.
Some production publicly owned (by state), others privately-but regulated by government (mixed economy)
Free education for all children
Abolition of child labor