1. Instructors: George Crowl
APP-5
Apprentice
Safety
This PowerPoint is provided for those who may not have appropriate training aids available in a ship or location. This generally follows a companion lesson plan available at I expect you to modify it to fit your situation and teaching style. I am more concerned that Scouts learn than this fit a specific style. I am, however, a fan of the Effective Teaching model. Teaching EDGE is somewhat simplistic in its approach, but that has some advantages.
This and other plans are for Sea Scout and leaders to teach maritime and leadership skills. They are based on the 2010 Sea Scout Manual and requirements. Some lessons have an accompanying PowerPoint presentation. I consider PowerPoint an introduction the topic, to be followed by hands-on practice. Several lessons will not have PowerPoint, usually because it is my judgement that PowerPoint is not an appropriate aid to teaching that lesson. Lesson plans and presentations will be added and modified when ready.
Each plan and presentation has the rank, requirement number and short name. LP means lesson plan, PPT means PowerPoint. APP means Apprentice, the number is the number of the requirement. ORD = Ordinary. ABL = Able. QM = Quartermaster. There are a few miscellaneous items as well.
I created these lesson plans primarily for the Houston area Sea Scout Academy. However, I hope that they are also useful for other Sea Scout situations and venues. So, I expect everyone using the lesson plans to modify them to fit their audience and their style. There are also other resources in the DVD with the Sea Scout Manual, and on
I invite comments from those that use these lesson plans, so we can have continuous improvement. If you are aware of a better example, or a great illustration that is not in them, please send them to me for inclusion. Especially, if I miss applying a change from the Sea Scout Manual, Guide to Safe Scouting, or a Coast Guard publication, please contact me so we can keep these current and accurate.
You may contact me at or
George Crowl; Skipper, Ship 1996; Sam Houston Area Council
Philosophy: Sea Scout Academy’s primary purpose is to teach the material to the Sea Scout. If the Sea Scout demonstrates mastery of parts of the subject, then the instructor should annotate on the class roster what has been passed, in the instructor’s opinion. Skippers have the right to re-examine any Sea Scout in any requirement. (Knots are not a good subject to give a pass in.) SSA may schedule only APP-5a, 5b, and 5d for 1+30.
Instructors: George Crowl

2. Course Outline
Explain five types of life jackets. Demonstrate proper use and care.
Identify visual day and night distress signals. Know location & proper use for your vessels.
Use Distress Communications Form to send Mayday, Pan Pan, and Securite messages.
Know safety rules that apply to your ship, and safety standards in use of power tools, machinery, lifting heavy objects …
Requirements:
5. Safety
a. Explain the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of the five types of Coast Guard approved life jackets. Demonstrate the proper use and care of life jackets used by your ship.
b. Identify visual day and night marine distress signals, and know their location and the proper use for your ship’s vessel(s).
c. Use the Distress Communications Form to demonstrate the procedure to send the following VHF emergency messages: Mayday, PanPan, Security.
d. Know the safety rules that apply to vessels and equipment used by your ship, and safety standards in the use of power tools, machinery, lifting heavy objects, and other safety devices used by your ship.
Reference: See page 74 “Lifejackets;” pp “Visual Marine Distress Signals;” pp "Marine Distress Communications Form;" and pp “General Safety.” Additional references: pp , “Safety Afloat.”
Equipment Required: Enough “near shore” lifejackets for one per two students; one Marine Distress Communications Form per student, a good script for Mayday, PanPan, and Security calls; Sea Scout Pocket Reference (SSPR) or other display of Visual Marine Distress Signals. Ship 1996 has some opened-up life jackets to show construction, if desired.
Ratio: 1:6 Instructor:Student, youth make good assistants.

3. APP-5a
Explain five types of life jackets. Demonstrate proper use and care.
Requirements:
5. Safety
a. Explain the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of the five types of Coast Guard approved life jackets. Demonstrate the proper use and care of life jackets used by your ship.
Reference: See page 74 “Lifejackets;” pp “Visual Marine Distress Signals;” pp "Marine Distress Communications Form;" and pp “General Safety.” Additional references: pp , “Safety Afloat.”
Equipment Required: Enough “near shore” lifejackets for one per two students; one Marine Distress Communications Form per student, a good script for Mayday, PanPan, and Security calls; Sea Scout Pocket Reference (SSPR) or other display of Visual Marine Distress Signals. Ship 1996 has some opened-up life jackets to show construction, if desired.
Ratio: 1:6 Instructor:Student, youth make good assistants.

4. Five Types Formerly Offshore Type I Near Shore Type II
Sport / Flotation Aid Type III
Throwable Type IV
Special Use Type V
Offshore – Required offshore, may be used anywhere.
22-33 lbs flotation, OK for rough water, remote long time rescue
Abandon ship life jacket
Near shore – bouyant vest. Calm inland waters, fast rescut probable
15-33 lbs flotation.
Flotation aids – for general boating or special activities
(waterskiing, kayaking, canoeing, etc.)
Designed to complement the activity, not a primary life jacket.
15-22 lbs flotation
Throwable – Life ring, cushion, “Lifesling”
16-18 lbs flotation
Special use – working garment
15-34 lbs flotation
All but throwable come in buoyant foam, kapok, inflatable.

5. Off Shore (was Type I) High flotation 22-33 pounds flotation
Abandon ship
OK rough water
Long time flotation
Off-Shore - Formerly Type 1

6. Near Shore (was Type II)
Bouyant vest
Calm, inland waters
Quick rescue
22-33 pounds flotation
Near Shore – Formerly Type 2

7. Sport / Flotation Aid (was Type III)
General boating
Specialized activities
Waterskiing
Kayaking
Canoeing
Etc.
15-22 pounds flotation
Flotation Aid – Formerly Type 3

8. Throwable (was Type IV)
16-18 pounds flotation
Throwable – Formerly Type 4

9. Special Use (was Type V)
15-34 pounds flotation
Special Use – Formerly Type 5

10. Life Jacket Care Demonstrate proper use and care.
Done on boats, not by talk
Don't walk on them, throw into bilge, etc.
Wear at all times on small boats
Inflatables must be worn to count as life jacket
Stow properly on larger vessels with cabins, if local policy allows you to remove in cockpit.
Demonstrate means show you can take care of life jackets in use on ship outings.

11. Number of Life Jackets Required
One for every person on board
Inflatables count only if you are wearing it
Plus at least one throwable (boats 16 feet or over) R

12. Fitting the Life Jacket
Life Jacket not above ears
Fitting
Try It On For Size
#1 Check the manufacturer’s label to ensure that the life jacket is a proper fit for your size and weight.
#2 Make sure the jacket is properly fastened.
#3 Hold your arms straight up over your head.
#4 Ask a friend to grasp the tops of the arm openings and gently pull up.
#5 Make sure there is no excess room above the openings and that the jacket does not ride up over your chin or face.
For the best fit, try the life jacket in shallow
water under safe and supervised conditions.

13. APP-5b Identify visual day and night distress signals.
Know location and proper use for your vessel.

14. International Distress Signals
This shows many international distress signals, not just the visual ones. We will talk about many of them.

15. Flares
Here are many types of flares. More to be shown below

16. Flares
Flares are more visible at night, but you need to be as high as possible to extend your horizon

17. Smoke Flares
Smoke can be better seen in daytime than hand-held flares.

18. Square and Ball
Off-Shore

19. Orange Square Flag & Ball
Off-Shore

20. Mirror
Mirror flashes have been seen over 100 miles away by high-flying aircraft. You can aim the flash.

21. Flag Upside Down
Any flag, raised upside down. This one is the Red Ensign of Great Britian

22. Flashlight
Off-Shore
• • • — — — • • •

23. Wave Your Arms
Off-Shore

24. Dye Marker
Dye Marker is more visible than one person or life boat

25. Flame on Boat
This can be a contained flame, such as in a barrel.

26. Audible Signals Continuous blasts of air horn
Continuous blasts of a whistle
Continuious ringing of a bell

27. Gun
Gun firing at one-minute interval

28. Location and Proper Use
Instructor enter here location(s)
Photographs of the location would help
Discuss proper use
If possible, have practice day
Requirements:
5. Safety
a. Explain the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of the five types of Coast Guard approved life jackets. Demonstrate the proper use and care of life jackets used by your ship.
b. Identify visual day and night marine distress signals, and know their location and the proper use for your ship’s vessel(s).
c. Use the Distress Communications Form to demonstrate the procedure to send the following VHF emergency messages: Mayday, PanPan, Security.
d. Know the safety rules that apply to vessels and equipment used by your ship, and safety standards in the use of power tools, machinery, lifting heavy objects, and other safety devices used by your ship.
Reference: See page 74 “Lifejackets;” pp “Visual Marine Distress Signals;” pp "Marine Distress Communications Form;" and pp “General Safety.” Additional references: pp , “Safety Afloat.”
Equipment Required: Enough “near shore” lifejackets for one per two students; one Marine Distress Communications Form per student, a good script for Mayday, PanPan, and Security calls; Sea Scout Pocket Reference (SSPR) or other display of Visual Marine Distress Signals. Ship 1996 has some opened-up life jackets to show construction, if desired.
Ratio: 1:6 Instructor:Student, youth make good assistants.

29. APP-5C
Use the distress communications form to demonstrate the procedure to send the following VHF emergency messages:
Mayday
Pan Pan
Securité
Requirements:
5. Safety
a. Explain the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of the five types of Coast Guard approved life jackets. Demonstrate the proper use and care of life jackets used by your ship.
b. Identify visual day and night marine distress signals, and know their location and the proper use for your ship’s vessel(s).
c. Use the Distress Communications Form to demonstrate the procedure to send the following VHF emergency messages: Mayday, PanPan, Security.
d. Know the safety rules that apply to vessels and equipment used by your ship, and safety standards in the use of power tools, machinery, lifting heavy objects, and other safety devices used by your ship.
Reference: See page 74 “Lifejackets;” pp “Visual Marine Distress Signals;” pp "Marine Distress Communications Form;" and pp “General Safety.” Additional references: pp , “Safety Afloat.”
Equipment Required: Enough “near shore” lifejackets for one per two students; one Marine Distress Communications Form per student, a good script for Mayday, PanPan, and Security calls; Sea Scout Pocket Reference (SSPR) or other display of Visual Marine Distress Signals. Ship 1996 has some opened-up life jackets to show construction, if desired.
Ratio: 1:6 Instructor:Student, youth make good assistants.

30. Marine Distress Communication
Instructions: Complete this form now (except for items 6 through 9) and post near your radiotelephone for use if you are in DISTRESS.
SPEAK: SLOWLY–CLEARLY–CALMLY
1. Make sure your radiotelephone is on.
2. Select either VHF channel 16 (156.8 MHz) or 2182 kHz.
3. Press microphone button and say: “MAYDAY–MAYDAY– MAYDAY.”
4. SAY: “THIS IS__________________ _______________ _____________.
(Your call sign/boat name repeated three times)
5. SAY: “MAYDAY _______________ .” (Your boat name)
Go over the form. They should have their SSM open, or a copy of the form in front of them.
When you have walked them through the form, give them a scenario, based on something local.
“This is the vessel Defiant, a 30' sloop, all white, white sails, one NM southeast of Clear Lake Channel Marker 2. I have a (fire in the engine compartment, or a through-hull has broken and I have a stream of water 1” thick coming into the cabin, or my skipper is suffering an apparent heart attack). I have five souls on board, three able-bodies, one moderately injued, one seriously injured. The vessel is expected to sink in 20 minutes.” [This data is intentionally not in the order of the form.]
Have the students broadcast the various scenarios. Students need to learn to make a decision, is this a Mayday, Pan Pan, or Securité? Instructor plays the part of USCG or another vessel, and asks them to repeat anything they do not get right. Acutual USCG communications are often repetition, repitition, repitition.

31. Marine Distress Communication
6. Tell where you are (What navigational aids or landmarks are near?).
7. State the nature of your distress.
8. Give number of persons aboard and conditions of any injured.
9. Estimate present seaworthiness of your boat.
10. Briefly describe your boat: _______feet; type _______________; __________ color hull;
___________ trim color; ______ # masts;
Anything else you think will help rescuers find you R

32. Marine Distress Communication
11. Say: “I WILL BE LISTENING ON CHANNEL 16/2182.” (Cross out one which does not apply.)
12. End message by saying: This is __________ over .” (Your boat name and call sign)
13. Release microphone button and listen; someone should answer.
IF THEY DO NOT, REPEAT CALL, BEGINNING AT ITEM NO. 3 ABOVE. R

33. APP-5d
Know the safety rules that apply to vessels and equipment used by your ship, and safety standards in the use of power tools, machinery, lifting heavy objects, and other safety devices used by your ship.
There are general safety rules, and specific safety rules for specific vessels and/or operations that are unique to individual ships. Individual ships will need to fill in anything missing in this presentation, or change where they may disagree with these rules.

34. Small Boats Safety Afloat. Buddy boats. Life jackets, properly fitted.
Swimmer qualified.
Step in the center boarding / departing
Extra oars / paddles
Entry from water (over stern, canoes side)
Light at night
Do not abandon boat if it sinks
Go over small boat safety rules as follows:
Use Safety Afloat in all Scouting activities. Use a buddy system in boats.
Everyone on a small boat requires a properly fitted PFD at all times during Scouting activities. It is strongly recommended that the policy be followed all the time.
Scouts in small boats must be “swimmer” qualified. Larger boats non- swimmers must wear life jackets at all times.
(Large boats - 26’+, life jackets are not required in the cabin/cockpit in good weather.)
Enter and exit a small boat by putting your foot on the centerline and moving low to a center position. Balance the weight in the boat. Do not rock a small boat.
Carry extra oars/paddles in case of a problem.
Know how to get into a small boat from the water. Usually, over the stern, but a canoe requires side entry.
In case of capsize, do not abandon the boat and swim to shore. The boat floats, you can get tired and sink.
Carry a light at night. Carry a floating emergency kit.

35. Safety Standards Vent gasoline engines Jack lines
Power tools – eye protection, dust mask, all guards in place, etc.
Lifting heavy objects – boom & block / tackle
Power lifting
Ergonomic lifting
Conduct a discussion among the students, asking them to provide the safety rules for each type of boat used by the various ships represented. Some examples are:
Gasoline engines must be vented by a power blower for five minutes before starting.
Jack lines and harnesses are required to go on deck in heavy weather.
Safety standards - power tools:
Eye protection will be worn at all times.
Dust mask or breathing apparatus will be worn when sanding or creating dust.
All guards must be in place, safe, and used. Electrical cords must be safe and grounded.
Some power tools will be adults only. Specifically, chain saws. See chart in Guide to Safe Scouting.
Safety standards - Lifting heavy objects:
Use a boom, block and tackle, power lift, etc., before using people power.
Insure that people never get under heavy objects or in their way.
When people must lift an object, lift with the legs, ergonomically correctly.
Provide a safety restraint in case of overload.
Conduct a discussion about what machinery is used on each separate ship, and what their safety standards for that machinery are.

36. Questions?
Instructors should add any local issues into this presentation in the appropriate place to fit with the presentation.