1. DJ de Nysschen Wonderboom Air Traffic Control
Runway Safety
DJ de Nysschen
Wonderboom
Air Traffic Control

2. Runway Incursion – ICAO Definition
Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

3. Runway Holding Position Markings

4. Runway Holding Position Markings
This painted marking is found on taxiways at runway intersections and indicates where an aircraft is to stop. The solid lines are on the side where the aircraft is to hold and the dashed lines are always on the side toward the runway. Do not cross the markings until cleared.

5. Holding Points

6. Various airport factors may affect pilot situational awareness, distract the crew, or lead to crew confusion.
• Congested airports with many different-sized aircraft, and with many vehicles and pedestrians moving on the airport surface. • Close-spaced parallel runways, crossing runways, high speed turn-off, complex and confusing intersections, etc …

7. Runway incursions may also be due to ATC:
ATC factors
Runway incursions may also be due to ATC:
• Controller degraded situational awareness: controller’s failure to see and track airport activity from the tower, failure to provide separation on ground, …
• Incorrect or inadequate clearance (e.g.: improper TWR / GND controllers coordination, use of non-standard phraseology, pilots readback-error not detected by controller, …).

8. Crew technique factors
Many runway incursions are caused by flight crew inability to correctly taxi as per ATC clearance because of:
• Failure to properly visualize the expected or cleared taxi out (in) path,
• Inadequate pre-flight or approach preparation,
• Lack of a proper identification and briefing with the PNF of the taxi clearance both at departure and at arrival,
• Failure to accurately materialize on airport surface charts the expected or cleared taxi routing, with outstanding elements (intersections, holding lines)
• Distraction or poor monitoring of the taxi progress,

10. Safety tips
If you are unsure about your position on the taxiway, STOP and ask for guidance/ progressive taxi instructions.
If you are approaching any runway and cannot remember if you were cleared to cross it or not, STOP and check with the tower.
Know the difference between an after departure clearance and a take-off clearance.

11. Questions ???