1. Reserve effect on fish assemblages of a no-take zone
in the Punta Campanella MPA (Gulf of Naples: Tyrrhenian Sea )
Luca Appolloni: Ph.D. student
Ph.D school in Sea, Earth and Climate Sciences
University of Naples ‘Parthenope’
Located

2. Study Area Goulf of Naples Goulf of Salerno Protection degree
Divide=share
The Sorrento peninsula is the Boundary between the goulfs of Naples and Salerno. 12 dicembre 1997
The Punta Campanella MPA surrounds the end part of peninsula.
1300 ha
The MPA is affected by a continuous supply of sea water, which supports a high biomass of benthic and fish assemblages without dystrophy phenomena of the system.
Comprendere=include
Zona A: Core area
Zone B: Buffer zone
Zone C: transition area
 Protection degree
Professional fishing
Sport fishing A No B
Authoriz. C

3. Fishing gears in MPA
Gill nets
Creels
Longlines
Trawls

4. Fishing in MPA
requests for authorizations
Sbrescia et al. 2010

5. Methods Sampling period: Summer 2008
Location: west side of Sorrento Peninsula (Gulf of Naples)
Fish assemblages of Rocky bottom habitats
F3SW
F2SW
F1SW
F1NE
F2NE
F3NE P
SITE
Lat
Long
Protection degree
Distace from P
F3NE
40°38'02.00’’N
14°20'57.00’’E C
ca. 2,4 Km
F2NE
40°37'20.00’’N
14°20'27.00’’E
ca. 1,7 Km
F1NE
40°37'32.35’’N
14°20'17.95’’E
ca. 1,3 Km P
40°37‘07.07’’N
14°19'29.62’’E A
F1SW
40°36'29.07’’N
14°19'50.88’’E
F2SW
40°36'13.70’’N
14°19'40.20’’E
40°35'51.10’’N
14°19'28.80’’E
Fishes clearly respond after protection from exploitation (Francour, 1994)
Rocky bottoms are the most common protected habitat in MPAs of Italy (Boero et al. 2005)
Visual counts: strip transect (Harmeli-Vivien et al. 1985)

6. Methods
Density of fishes: was assessed in 7 ranks of abbundances: 1; 2-5; 6-10; 11-30; 31-50; ; >101 (La Mesa e Vacchi, 2003)
Size of fishes: was estimated, after a period of training, in three ranks: Small, Medium and Large (Froese and Pauly, 2012).
Biomass of fishes: was evaluated using population size-structure and length-weight relationship (Francour, 1990; Froese and Pauly, 2012).

7. Methods:Treatment of data
Between fished and protected areas
Among fished areas
CAP (Anderson and Willis, 2003);
Multivariate analysis (Bray-Curtis distance):
- PERMANOVA (Anderson, 2001a).
Univariate analysis (Euclidian distance): PERMANOVA (Terlizzi et al., 2007)
All the species
Mean species number, density and biomass
Target species
No-target species
β-diversity misure: - PERMDISP (Anderson et al., 2006)
Environmental stress misure: - ABC curves (Meire and Dereu, 1990)

8. Results: Among fished areas
Density: PERMANOVA
Biomass: PERMANOVA
ANOVA
Differences between Fished areas are NEVER significance

9. Between fished and protected areas (PERMANOVA- CAP – PERMDISP)
Density
Density: Pairwise test

10. Between fished and protected areas (PERMANOVA – CAP - PERMDISP)
Biomass
Biomass: Pairwise test
the differences are more significant

11. Between fished and protected areas (ANOVA)** ** *
***
*** * **
*** **

12. Between fished and protected areas (ANOVA on target/no-target species)**
n.s. *
***
n.s.
n.s.

13. Between fished and protected areas (ABC curves)
Fished areas
Protected area

14. Discussions
Significant differences in Density and Biomass of total fish community between Protected and Fishing areas:
- Higher values of Density and Biomass in Protected area;
- More clear depth gradient in Protected area.
Differences between Protected area and Fished areas are significant only for target species.
Higher patchiness and stock depletion in Fished areas as result of:
- low abundances and α-diversity;
- high β-diversity (multivariate dispersion).
ABC curves point out stress condition in Fished areas.

15. Conclusion
The ABC method, applied to evaluate fishing disturbance, shows that it can be applied to a wide range of taxa and sizes of fishes. Curves are typical of anthropogenic stressors, and therefore present fishing activities acts on communities as a strong disturbance.
The study suggests that fishing activities affect not only community structure and size of fishes, but also patterns of β-diversity, increasing fragility and loss of resilience of fish assemblages in fishing areas.

16. References
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Anderson, M. J., & Willis, T. J., Canonical analysis of principal coordinates: a useful method of constrained ordination for ecology. Ecology,84(2),
Anderson, M.J., Ellingsen, K.E., McArdle, B.H., Multivariate dispersion as a measure of beta diversity. Ecol. Lett. 9, 683–693.
F. Boero, S. Bussotti, P. D’Ambrosio, S. Fraschetti, P. Guidetti, A. Terlizzi. Biodiversità ed aree marine protette. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 12 (2005), pp. 1–22
Francour, P. (1990). Dynamique de l'écosystème à Posidonia oceanica dans le parc national de Port-Cros: analyse des compartiments matte, litière, faune vagile, échinodermes et poissons (Doctoral dissertation, Paris 6).
Francour P.,1994. Pluriannual analysis of the reserve effect on icthyofauna in the Scandola natural reserve (Corsica northwestern Mediterranen). Oceanologica Acta, 17 (3):
Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2012). FishBase: world wide web electronic publication, version (09/2010). URL Www Fishbase Org Accessed, 1.
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Meire, P. M., & Dereu, J.,1990. Use of the abundance/biomass comparison method for detecting environmental stress: some considerations based on intertidal macrozoobenthos and bird communities. Journal of Applied Ecology,
Sbrescia, L., Du Stefano, F., Russo, M., Russo, G.F., La pesca artigianale e ricreativa nell’AMP di Punta Campanella. Workshop – Porto Cesareo “Pesca e gestione nelle Aree Marine Protette”
Terlizzi, A., Anderson, M. J., Fraschetti, S., & Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Scales of spatial variation in Mediterranean subtidal sessile assemblages at different depths. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 332,