1. SSUSH14: Explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the 20th century.

2. a. Describe how the Spanish-American War, war in the Philippines, and territorial expansion led to the debate over American imperialism.

3. American Imperialism:
By the late 1800s, American began to join the ranks of world powers & began to acquire influence & territory outside of the continental US borders
Abandoned idea of isolationism
Imperialism: when a strong country takes over a weaker country physically, economically, & militarily
Many Americans believed that if the US remained isolated, European countries would take over the rest of the world & America would not survive

4. Spanish-American War (1898):
In 1895 Jose’ Marti (Cuba) started another revolution against Spain. Spain responded by sending in Valeriano Weyler, who put nearly 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps.
U.S. helps Cuba – Causes of War
Yellow Journalism - exaggerating or stretching the truth
DeLome Letter – Private letter from Spanish minister to the U.S. which insulted Pres. McKinley.
Sinking of the USS Maine – U.S. battleship explodes while sitting in the harbor of Habana, Cuba. U.S. blames Spain.
April 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain

6. Spanish-American War:
Treaty of Paris (1898) – Ended war with following terms:
Cuba is independent
U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
U.S. pays Spain $20 million
As a result of the war:
U.S. now owns an empire
Ends U.S. isolationism
U.S. emerges as a world power

7. Philippine-American War
Filipinos thought Americans were allies helping them gain independence
However, when the Spanish-American War ended & the US gained control of the Philippines, a rebellion began, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, that started the Philippine-American War (1899)
Filipinos used guerilla war tactics to fight the Americans
War lasted 3 years; killed over 25,000 people
Philippines gained partial home rule
Gained full independence in 1946

9. Americans debate expansionism:
Those in favor of expansion believed:
*The US had no choice but to educate others & civilize them (Social Darwinism)
*US had the responsibility to govern others
*Controlling peoples in Latin America was a step in gaining trade in China
*Other countries would try & take control of Latin America
Those against expansion believed:
* condemned imperialism as a crime
*went against the US principles that made up our government

10. b. Examine US involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine & the creation of the Panama Canal

11. Monroe Doctrine to Roosevelt Corollary:
Monroe Doctrine: foreign policy that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
Roosevelt Corollary: an extension of the Monroe Doctrine that stated that the US would use force to remove European powers from the Western Hemisphere
Based on the African proverb: “speak softly and carry a big stick”
Also known as “Big Stick Diplomacy”
Created by Theodore Roosevelt; wanted the US to remain the strongest power in the Western Hemisphere

13. Panama Canal:
Panama Canal - A canal built by the U.S. cutting across Central America to reduce travel time and provide a short cut between the oceans for commercial and military ships.
U.S. chose Panama for the canal, which belonged to Colombia. They refused our offer…wanted more $.
US helps Panama rebel against Colombia
Panama accepts our offer ($10m and $250,000 a year)
Canal built between