1. Introduction to Parasitology
Jafari R
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

2. Human disease agents a-Viruses b-Prokaryotes c-Eukaryotes

3. Symbiosis Types of life
Merriam-Webster dictionary
“The relationship between two different kinds of living things that live together and depend on each other”

4. Symbiosis
Commensalism
Mutualism
Phoresis
Parasitism

5. Commensalism
“A relationship where one species obtains food or shelter from the other species. Does not harm or help the other species”

6. Mutualism
“relationship where both species benefit from the relationship”

7. Phoresis
“The phoront, is mechanically transported by its host. Neither organism is physiologically dependent on the other”

8. Parasitism
“A relationship between two species in which one species (the parasite) nourishes itself to the disadvantage of the other species (the host)”

9. Terminology
Parasite: an organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.
Host: an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives
Parasitology: study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them
Vector: an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.

10. Types of parasites Ectoparasite: e.g. fleas, Ticks
Endoparasite
Facultative-p
Obligate-p
Permanent-p
Temporary-p
Accidental-p
Abberant-p
Types of parasites
Ectoparasite: e.g. fleas, Ticks
Endoparasite: e.g. malaria
Facultative parasite: e.g. free living Amebae
Obligate parasite: e.g. filaria
Permanent parasite: e.g. intestinal worms
Temporary parasite: e.g. mosquitoes
Accidental parasite: e.g. Dicrocoelium
Abarent parasite: e.g. Toxocara

11. Types of hosts Definitive host: e.g. Anopheles for malaria
Intermediate host: e.g. human for malaria
Reservoir host: e.g. Beaver for Giardia
Paratenic host: e.g. 2nd Fish for Diphyllobothrium

12. Vector - Mechanical Vector - Biological Vector
A vector that conveys pathogens to a susceptible individual without essential biologic development. E.g. the transfer of septic organisms on the feet or mouth parts of the housefly
- Biological Vector
A vector that conveys pathogens to a susceptible individual with essential biologic development
E.g. the transfer of the deadly disease malaria by mosquitoes

13. Life cycle
Zoonotic
A disease that can be passed between animals and humans
Anthroponotic
An infection in which a disease causing agent carried by humans is transferred to other human or even animals

14. Terminology Infestation Infection: Disease Super infection
Re infection
Retro infection
Auto infection
Disease

15. Source of infection or infestation
Soil born Water born Food born Vector born Fomite Zoonosis

16. Portal of entry Mouth : - Water Skin : - from the soil
- Food
Skin : - from the soil
- from the water
- by blood-sucking arthropods
Inhalation: of air-born eggs or cyst
Transplacental ( congenital )
Transmammary ( milk ) infection
Sexually transmitted infection

17. Systematic classification of living things
Animalia Kingdomسلسله => Metazoa, Protozoa Phylumشاخه Classرده Orderراسته Familyخانواده Genusجنس Speciesگونه Strain سویه

18. Kingdom - Metazoa - Protozoa
Using light microscope; (Amebae, Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoea)
Using electronic microscopic; (Sarcomastigophora, Apicomplexa, Microspora)
- Metazoa
Helminthes; Nematoda, PlatyHelminthes (Trematoda,Cestoda)
Acanthocephala

19. Protozoa
Protoplasm
Cytoplasm
Ectoplasm
Endoplasm
Nucleoplasm

20. Ectoplasm Function Endoplasm Function
1-Protection of the organism Locomotor aparatus
3-Food ingestion Respiration
5-Discharge of metabolic wastes
Endoplasm Function
Containing ; mitochondria, golgi, Glycogen vacuoles & chromatidal bodies, Food vacuoles, ...
Food synthesis
Excretory vacuoles (collection of fluid wastes)
Contractive vacuoles (maintain osmotic pressure)

21. Vital function -Locomotion: locomotory organelles;
1 Pseudopodia Cilia Flagellum
4 Undulating membran without locomotory organell (gliding movement)
-Respiration:
1- aerobic (blood & tissue protozoa)
2- micro-aerophilic (intestinal protozoa)
-Nutrition:
liquid absorption cell mouth (cytostom)
pinocytosis phagocytosis

22. Reproduction of protozoa
Asexual
1- Binary-fission : (Amaebae)
2- Endodiogeny : Coccidia
3- Schizogony (merogony): Plasmodium
Sexual
1- Syngamy: Free-flagellates
2- Sprogony : Malaria parasites
3-Conjugation: Ciliata

23. Life cycle of protozoa
Trophozoite transmission: (e.g.; Enta. Gingivalis)
Cyst transmission: Entamoeba

24. Thanks